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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2019.tde-30052019-130241
Document
Author
Full name
Valtemir Evangelista de Souza
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Rossini, Rosa Ester (President)
Galvão, Adailton de Sousa
Heidemann, Heinz Dieter
Santos, Aline Lima
Title in Portuguese
O Acre na porta de entrada da imigração internacional: do Haiti para o Brasil (Brasiléia - AC/ 2010-2016)
Keywords in Portuguese
Acre
Formação socioespacial
Haiti
Migrações
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho aborda recente e intenso processo migratório internacional do Haiti para o Brasil, ocorrido na cidade de Brasiléia, no Estado do Acre, no período de 2010 a 2016, como porta de entrada para o restante do território brasileiro. Brasileia, município pobre e distante dos grandes centros econômicos nacionais e culturais do Brasil contou com importantes atributos, na fronteira norte, porosa, separada, apenas, por rios, com frágil fiscalização, com intenso fluxo migratório de pessoas de diferentes nacionalidades, inclusive africana e até asiática, como o bengalês (16 diferentes nacionalidades no total), passando de um lado para outro, inaugurando uma rota internacional de migração, então organizados em redes de informações e transportes, impulsionados pela busca de melhores condições de vida. Os haitianos e outras gentes chegaram tangidos por grave catástrofe ambiental natural (terremoto de 7.3 na escala na Richter), que ceifou milhares de vidas, outros tantos amputados e deslocados, atingidos por graves questões político-econômicas e sociais internas, lançando-os a distantes paragens. As entrevistas realizadas, junto aos residentes locais e autoridades públicas, nas cidades de Brasiléia e Rio Branco, no Acre, demonstram as dificuldades enfrentadas nessa dramática travessia. Denotam, ainda, o acesso ao protocolo capaz de assegurar o conjunto probatório da legalidade interna, por meio do visto humanitário, com a inserção ao mercado de trabalho que, modo geral, nivelou todos no mesmo patamar, sem considerar formação e qualificação. De outra parte, havia a barreira linguística a ser superada. Dentro do contexto, ficou caracterizado que tal movimento migratório internacional, embora intenso, teve no território acreano, apenas uma passagem, contando com apoio institucional estatal, deslocou-se, via terrestre, para outras cidades, em diferentes regiões do país, como São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul e outras localidades. Um fluxo intenso que movimentou a fronteira do Acre e instituições governamentais brasileiras.
Title in English
The Acre State at the door of international immigration: from Haiti to Brazil (Brasileia AC/ 2010-2016)
Keywords in English
Acre
Haiti
Migrations
Socio-spatial formation
Abstract in English
The present work studied the recent and intense international migratory process from Haiti to Brazil, which used the city of Brasiléia, Acre, from 2010 to 2016, as a gateway to the rest of Brazil. Despite being a poor and distant region of the great national economic centers, it has important attributes, the porous northern border, separated only by rivers and even streets, with weak and permissive inspection, facilitates, attracts and feeds the flow of people of different nationalities including African and even Asian: Bangladeshi (16 different nationalities in total), moving from one place to another, opening an international route of illegal migration, organized in information and transport networks, driven by the search for better living conditions (earthquake of 7.3 on the Richter scale) with thousands of dead, amputees and internally displaced persons, aggravating domestic political and economic issues, heading for distant stops. The objectives achieved through interviews with residents, authorities and former public authorities in the cities of Brasiléia and Rio Branco in Acre State, demonstrating the difficulties faced along the way, as well as access to the protocol, guaranteeing the probative set for legality internment through a humanitarian visa, with the insertion in the labor market of low qualification, which, together with legal absence and lack of knowledge, level all the same, but even disqualified contributes to the reconstruction of their lives and more, with the sending of the remittances help family members in the country of origin. Meanwhile, the language barrier is overcome through support from educational institutions and government and religious bodies, civil society solidarity, and cultural approach. Within the context, it was characterized that such an international migratory movement, although intense, had only one passage in the Acre State territory, counting with state institutional support, traveled by road, reaching several cities in different regions, such as São Paulo, in the Southeast, in addition to states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, and other parts within the country.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-05-30
 
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