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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2012.tde-26032012-145812
Document
Author
Full name
Marta da Silveira Luedemann
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Mamigonian, Armen (President)
Heidemann, Heinz Dieter
Hollanda Filho, Sergio Buarque de
Nascimento, Benedicto Heloiz
Pires, Elson Luciano Silva
Title in Portuguese
Transformações na indústria automobilística mundial: o caso do complexo automotivo no Brasil - 1990-2002
Keywords in Portuguese
Indústria automobilística
Neoliberalismo
Organização do espaço
Produção flexível
Toyotismo
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho trata da recente reestruturação do complexo automotivo brasileiro, seu reflexo na economia e na organização sindical, bem como da sua relação com as tranformações mundiais, a partir da ascensão do ideário neoliberal no ocidente, da difusão da acumulação flexível e das transformações na organização operária e sindical. No Brasil, as medidas econômicas determinadas pelo FMI, Banco Mundial e OMC e implantadas com rigor pelos governos brasileiros desde 1990, promoveram mudanças intensas na economia, resultando no aprofudamento da recessão, no desemprego, na desnacionalização e em falências. No caso da indústria automobilística, a ausência do governo na determinação da economia permitiu que o poder de decisão das montadoras se concentrasse nos planejamentos estratégicos das respectivas matrizes. Além disso, a abertura de mercado provocou a falência de metade das empresas de autopeças nacionais, a desnacionalização das grandes empresas brasileiras de excelência e mais de 100 mil desempregados em todo o complexo automotivo. Desta forma, as autopeças nacionais vêm perdendo o poder de barganha e se restringindo ao fornecimento de peças e componentes de menor valor agregado, pois as montadoras, reestruturando a cadeia produtiva, estabeleceram contratos com fornecedores de sua região de origem. Por fim, a política do governo de atração de IEDs, promoveu a Guerra Fiscal, com financiamento de bancos nacionais, fazendo com que as montadoras investissem em novas fábricas, desenhando uma nova organização espacial do setor no território brasileiro. A reestruturação produtiva nas fábricas antigas das montadoras incidiu sobre a eliminação de mais de um terço dos postos de trabalho nas montadoras, desde 1990. Por outro lado, a transformação na organização sindical tem sido acompanhada pelo fortalecimento do sindicalismo de resultados, em detrimento dos sindicatos combativos.
Title in English
Changes in the global automobile industry: the caso of automotive complex in Brazl - 1990-2002
Keywords in English
Automobilistic industry
Flexible production
Neoliberalism
Space organization
Toyotism
Abstract in English
This work deals with the recent reorganization of the Brazilian automotive complex, along with its repercussion on the economy and the union organization, as well as its relation with the world changes, starting from the rise of the neoliberal thought in the occident, the flexible accumulation diffusion and the changes on the laborer union organization. In Brazil the economic proceedings established by the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO, and put into effect by the successive Brazilian governments since 1990, caused intense changes in the economy, which intensified the recession, the unemployment, the denationalization and the bankruptcies. In the case of the automobile industry, the absence of the government on determining the economy made that the fitting companies power of decision were concentrated on the strategic planning of the respective head offices. Besides, the market opening caused the bankruptcy of a half of the national enterprises which deal with automobilistic parts, the denationalization of the major excellence Brazilian companies and more than a hundred thousand unemployed workers in the whole automotive complex. So the national enterprises which deal with automobilistic parts are losing their power to negotiate and they are also becoming limited to provide components that have a lower aggregated value, once the fitting companies, as they reorganize the productive chain, established contracts with the providers of their original region. Finally the government policy, attracting IEDs, cause the Guerra Fiscal (Fiscal War), using financial loan of national banks. So the fitting companies had to invest in new assembly lines, projecting a new special organization of this sector in the Brazilian territory. The productive reorganization in the former assembly lines of the fitting companies was reflected on the elimination of more than one third of the necessary positions in the fitting companies since 1990. On the other hand, the changes in the union organization have been followed by the strengthening of the result unionism to the detriment of the combative unions.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-03-26
 
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