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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2015.tde-29072015-125647
Document
Author
Full name
Amanda Brandão Ribeiro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Dawsey, John Cowart (President)
Silva, Laura Moutinho da
Teles, Edson Luis de Almeida
Title in Portuguese
Relampejos do passado: inscrição da morte no espaço público através da exumação de corpos de desaparecidos políticos da ditadura militar brasileira
Keywords in Portuguese
Antropologia da performance
Ditadura
Experiência
Luto
Memória
Abstract in Portuguese
A prática do desaparecimento forçado foi adotada de forma sistemática e generalizada pelo Estado brasileiro durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985) contra os opositores políticos do regime. Tal política consistiu na detenção ilegal, seguida da execução e da ocultação dos corpos. Em busca de noticias sobre seus entes, os familiares de desaparecidos políticos passaram a se organizar em associações, reivindicando o esclarecimento das circunstancias da morte, a localização e identificação os corpos e o julgamento dos agentes responsáveis. Passados mais de 40 anos, os corpos permanecem insepultos e sem identificação. A situação dos desaparecidos parece sempre retornar, mas sem se resolver completamente. Os marcos principais de discussões públicas acerca do tema foram a Lei de Anistia (1979), a abertura da Vala de Perus (1990), a promulgação da Lei dos Mortos e Desaparecidos (1995) e, mais recentemente, a instalação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (2012). Portanto, as motivações da dissertação foram compreender como a busca pelo esclarecimento das mortes, o reconhecimento dos corpos e o julgamento dos acusados se articulam com a elaboração do luto dos familiares de desaparecidos políticos. A partir daí, abordo as características assumidas pelo luto de uma morte inacabada, sem materialidade e como os familiares mobilizam e transmitem a memória de seus entes, subvertendo o terror e o silêncio que lhes impuseram o Estado. Exploro assim como a continuidade da prática de desaparecimento forçado levados a cabo por agentes policiais-militares conecta passado e presente em um continuum de violações de direitos humanos, fazendo os interlocutores deste trabalho questionar sobre a efetividade da democracia nacional.
Title in English
Flashes of the past: the inscription of death in public space through the exhumation of the bodies of missing political militants of the brazilian military dictatorship
Keywords in English
Anthropology of performance
Dictatorship
Experience
Memory
Mourning
Abstract in English
The practice of enforced disappearance was adopted by the Brazilian state against political opponents of the regime during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) in a systematic and widespread way. This policy consisted of illegal detention, followed by execution and the concealment of the bodies. In search of news about the disappeared, relatives began to organize into associations, in order to demand the clarification of the circumstances around the deaths (locations and identifications of bodies) and the prosecution of those agents responsible. After more than 40 years, bodies remain unburied and unidentified. The issue of the disappeared always seems return, but never completely solved. The principal milestones of public discussions about this theme were the Law of Amnesty (Lei de Anistia - 1979), the opening of the Vala de Perus (a clandestine ditch were several unidentified bodies were found) (1990), the enactment of the Law of the Dead and Missing (Lei dos Mortos e Desaparecidos - 1995) and, more recently, the installation of the National Commission of Truth (Comissão Nacional da Verdade 2012). Therefore, the motivation of the thesis was to understand how the search for clarification around the circumstances of the deaths, the identification of the bodies and the trials of the accused are linked with the families of the disappeareds elaboration of mourning. From there, I discuss the characteristics assumed by the mourning of an unfinished death, a death without materiality, and how families mobilize and transmit the memory of their beloved, subverting the terror and the silence imposed on them by the State. Finally, I explore how the continuity of the practice of enforced disappearance still carried out by police and military agents today connects past and present in a continuum of human rights violations, inviting the reader of this study to question the effectiveness of the Brazilian democracy.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-07-29
 
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