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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2016.tde-23032016-153758
Document
Author
Full name
Alice Martins Villela Pinto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Novaes, Sylvia Maria Caiuby (President)
Cunha, Edgar Teodoro da
Hikiji, Rose Satiko Gitirana
Müller, Regina Aparecida Polo
Sztutman, Renato
Title in Portuguese
O negativo e o positivo: a fotografia entre os Asuriní do Xingu
Keywords in Portuguese
Agência
Asuriní do Xingu
Brancos
Fotografia
Imagem
Abstract in Portuguese
O tema deste trabalho é a relação dos Asuriní do Xingu, grupo tupi que vive na margem direita do rio Xingu (Pará), com imagens produzidas pelas tecnologias dos brancos, especialmente as fotográficas. O que interessa é a maneira como essas novas imagens provocam agenciamentos e reflexões da perspectiva asuriní, ao dialogarem com conceitos nativos para o domínio da imagem tais como ynga e ayngava. A relação com as fotografias, entendidas aqui como imagens materiais, é abordada do momento do primeiro contato aos dias atuais. Se no encontro com os padres católicos a fotografia agiu de modo patogênico, causando doenças e mortes, nos dias de hoje ela pode ativar memórias e lembranças dos parentes falecidos, experiência que passa a ser vista de forma positiva pelos índios. Desse modo, procurou-se evidenciar que a relação dos Asuriní com imagens técnicas não é estanque, varia de acordo com o contexto histórico e, principalmente, conforme o tipo de relação que se estabelece com os seus produtores, os brancos. Não foi apenas como ferramenta de trabalho de campo que a fotografia se mostrou potente, mas se constituiu como um tema de pesquisa vigoroso ao possibilitar a abertura a diversos conteúdos asuriní ligados ao estatuto da imagem, à morte, ao xamanismo, à memória, às narrativas do contato, ao processo histórico e às mudanças pelas quais o grupo tem passado nos mais de quarenta anos de convívio intenso com os não-indígenas.
Title in English
Negative and positive: photography among the Asuriní of Xingu
Keywords in English
Agency
Asuriní of Xingu
Image
Non-indigenous
Photography
Abstract in English
The subject of this work is the relationship developed by the Xingu Asuriní, a Tupi group living on the right bank of the Xingu River (Pará), with images produced by technologies of the non-indigenous, in particular, photographic. The study's emphasis is on the manner in which these new images provoke agency and reflections from the Asuriní perspective, in a dialogue with native concepts for the image domain, such as ynga and ayngava. The relationship with photos, understood here as material images, is dealt with from the moment of first contact to the present day. If in the encounter with Catholic priests photography functioned in a pathogenic way, causing illness and death, nowadays it can evoke memories of deceased relatives, an experience that has come to be seen in a positive light by indigeous people. Therefore, it can be seen that the Asuriní's relationship to images is not a restrictive one, but varies according to historical context and, in particular, is dependent on the type of relationship established with the non-indigenous producers of these images. It is not only as an instrument for field work that photography has demonstrated its power, but it has also become a subject for vigorous research by making possible the access to numerous Asuriní concepts related to the image, to death, shamanism, memory, stories of contact, to the historical process and to changes that the group has experienced in the more than forty years of intense interaction with nonindigenous people.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-03-30
 
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