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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2016.tde-19082016-133155
Document
Author
Full name
Tomás Roberto Troster
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Luiz Henrique Lopes dos (President)
Bolzani Filho, Roberto
Puente, Fernando Eduardo de Barros Rey
Teixeira, Rodrigo Guerizoli
Zingano, Marco Antonio de Avila
Title in Portuguese
Indução e ciência em Aristóteles
Keywords in Portuguese
Ciência
Dedução
Demonstração
Indução
Necessidade
Princípio
Abstract in Portuguese
A ciência (episteme) é entendida por Aristóteles como um conhecimento demonstrativo, isto é, um tipo de saber que pode ser expressado por um discurso (logos) dedutivo fundado em premissas necessárias. No entanto, a demonstrabilidade que caracteriza a ciência não se atribui a seus princípios. Segundo Aristóteles, seria impossível demonstrar absolutamente tudo, pois assim se cairia em uma demonstração infinita e, portanto, tampouco haveria demonstração. Os primeiros princípios das ciências são apreendidos pela inteligência (noûs), a partir de resultados alcançados por indução (epagogé), que é a passagem de particulares a universais. Começando por uma análise dos aspectos formais da ciência, esta tese investiga os diversos sentidos e traços dos processos indutivos, procurando mostrar como eles e outros instrumentos do pensamento podem propiciar conhecimentos seguros que garantam a necessidade do conhecimento científico e de suas demonstrações.
Title in English
Induction and Science in Aristotle
Keywords in English
Deduction
Demonstration
Induction
Necessity
Principle
Science
Abstract in English
Science (episteme) is understood by Aristotle as a demonstrative knowledge, i.e. a kind of knowledge that can be expressed by a deductive discourse (logos) based on necessary premisses. However, the demonstrability that characterizes science does not apply to its principles. According to Aristotle, it would be impossible to demonstrate everything, since thus we would fall into an infinite demonstration and, therefore, there would be no demonstration at all. First principles of science are grasped by intelligence (noûs), based upon the results achieved by induction (epagogé), which is the proceeding from particulars up to universals. Starting with an analysis of the formal aspects of science, this thesis investigates the various senses and aspects of inductive processes, trying to show how they and other instruments of thought can provide a safe knowledge that ensures the necessity of scientific knowledge and its demonstrations.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-08-19
 
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