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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2011.tde-03062013-125451
Document
Author
Full name
Igor Fuser
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Villa, Rafael Antonio Duarte (President)
Martin, Andre Roberto
Schutte, Giorgio Romano
Vigevani, Tullo
Vizentini, Paulo Gilberto Fagundes
Title in Portuguese
Conflitos e contratos: a Petrobras, o nacionalismo boliviano e a interdepedência do gás natural (2002-2010)
Keywords in Portuguese
Gás natural
Gasoduto
Nacionalismo - Bolívia
Política externa - Brasil
Recursos naturais
Abstract in Portuguese
A nacionalização dos hidrocarbonetos pelo presidente boliviano Evo Morales, em maio de 2006, provocou a mais séria crise na política externa brasileira durante o primeiro mandato presidencial de Lula. A decisão prejudicou os interesses da Petrobras, na época a maior empresa instalada na Bolívia, com presença em todos os ramos da atividade petroleira. O conflito foi amplificado pela existência de uma relação de interdependência entre os dois países com base no gasoduto de 3.150 quilômetros, que transporta quase a metade do gás natural consumido pela indústria no Brasil. Com a nacionalização sem expropriação, segundo a fórmula adotada por Morales, as empresas estrangeiras foram autorizadas a permanecer na Bolívia, mas tiveram de renegociar seus contratos, aceitando a ampliação da receita fiscal (government take) obtida pelo governo a partir da produção petroleira. Essa decisão do governo boliviano expôs as contradições da política do Brasil para a América do Sul. Lula, pressionado pela oposição conservadora, intercedeu em defesa dos lucros da Petrobras, mas ao mesmo tempo reconheceu a nacionalização como expressão do direito soberano da Bolívia em legislar sobre seus próprios recursos naturais, abstendo-se de represálias. A tese explora a ambigüidade do comportamento regional do Brasil, que tenta conciliar um discurso de solidariedade em relação aos vizinhos menos desenvolvidos com uma política de expansão das empresas brasileiras e de proteção dos investimentos no exterior. O conflito em torno do gás boliviano abalou os planos brasileiros de liderança regional sul-americana e tornou mais difícil a integração energética, uma das prioridades da política externa de Lula.
Title in English
Conflicts and contracts: Petrobras, Bolivian nationalism and interdependence of natural gas (2002-2010)
Keywords in English
Foreign policy - Brazil
Nationalism - Bolivia
Natural gas
Natural resources
Pipeline
Abstract in English
The nationalization of hidrocarbons by Bolivian president Evo Morales, in May 2006, has provocated the most serious crisis in Brazilian foreign policy during Lulas first presidential term. The decision has damaged the interests of Petrobras, then the biggest corporation in Bolivia, operating in all branches of oil activities. The conflict was amplified by the interdependent relationship between the two countries through a 3.150 kilometers gasoduct, which carries almost half the natural gas consumed by Brazilian industry. By nationalization without expropriation, according to Morales formula, foreign oil corporations were allowed to stay in Bolivia, but were forced to renegociate their contracts, increasing the government take on oil and gas production. Bolivian governments decision has exposed the contradictions of Brazilian foreign policy towards its South American neighbors. Lula, under pressure from conservative opposition, has acted on behalf of Petrobras profits, but at the same time he recognized Bolivian right to set the rules on its own natural resources, and has not taken any reprisal. The thesis explores the ambiguities of Brazilian regional behavior, trying to conciliate a discourse of solidarity to lesser developed neighbors with the international expansion of Brazilian companies and investment protection abroad. The conflict about Bolivian gas has shattered Brazilian plans for regional leadership and turned more difficult energy regional integration, one of the priorities of Lulas foreign policy.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-06-03
 
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