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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.76.2016.tde-17122015-145413
Document
Author
Full name
Mariana Zuliani Theodoro de Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Muniz, João Renato Carvalho (President)
Fontes, Marcos Roberto de Mattos
Rezende, Camila Alves de
Title in Portuguese
Estudos funcionais e estruturais de enzimas frutosiltransferases das famílias 32 e 68 de hidrolases de glicosídeos
Keywords in Portuguese
Frutooligossacarídeos
Frutosiltransferases
Hidrolases de glicosídeos 32 e 68
Abstract in Portuguese
A busca por substâncias benéficas à saúde humana tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento de pesquisas visando o estudo de enzimas e seus produtos através da otimização de bioprocessos. Um dos principais componentes utilizados como base para a indústria de alimentos funcionais são carboidratos denominados frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) derivados da sacarose. Estes são sintetizados por enzimas denominadas frutosiltransferases que podem ser encontradas em plantas, bactérias e fungos. Os FOS têm atraído grande interesse da indústria, devido às suas características fisiológicas e biomoduladoras. Por serem polissacarídeos prebióticos não-digeríveis, têm a capacidade de estimular seletivamente o crescimento de bifidobactérias e lactobacilos, auxiliando na prevenção da cárie dentária e câncer de cólon em humanos. Podem também contribuir na diminuição do colesterol total e triglicerídeos no sangue, promover a reabsorção de cálcio e magnésio e serem utilizados em dietas com restrições alimentares, por serem açúcares de baixo valor calórico e elevado valor nutricional. Tendo em vista a existência de diferentes formas de FOS sintetizados por diferentes mecanismos, o presente trabalho buscou realizar a caracterização estrutural e funcional de um conjunto de 13 frutosiltransferases de bactérias e fungos. Os genes alvo foram clonados e as enzimas expressas e purificadas. Ensaios estruturais e de atividade enzimática, incluindo de hidrólise e polimerização da sacarose, foram conduzidos para a melhor compreensão das bases moleculares envolvidas no reconhecimento do substrato. Oito enzimas, duas β-frutofuranosidases de B. adolescentis, três sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase de B. licheniformis e L. gasseri e uma invertase de A.niger foram cristalizadas e as enzimas de B. adolescentis e de L. gasseri tiveram suas estruturas resolvidas e seus sítios catalíticos mapeados. Estas apresentam em sua estrutura uma região β-propeller, local identificado como sítio catalítico, conectada à um módulo β-sanduíche. Ambas as enzimas apresentaram atividade hidrolítica da sacarose e a enzima de L. gasseri apresentou a formação dos FOS nistose e 1-cestose com concentrações de 1 M de sacarose bem como em tempos de 8 e 12 horas de incubação. Estes estudos, somados às análises das outras enzimas, permitirão o melhoramento na produção em larga escala, além da otimização e o controle destes processos de obtenção de FOS.
Title in English
Hidrolases de glicosídeos 32 e 68, Frutosiltransferases, Frutooligossacarídeos Functional and Structural studies of the fructosyltransferases enzymes from the families 32 and 68 of glycoside hydrolases
Keywords in English
Fructooligosaccharides
Fructosyltransferases
Glycoside Hydrolases 32 and 68
Abstract in English
The search for beneficial substances to human health has driven the development of researches on the study of enzymes and their products through bioprocess optimization. One of the main components used as a basis for functional food industry are carbohydrates called fructooligosaccharides (FOS) derived from sucrose. These are synthesized by enzymes called fructosyltransferases which can be found in plants, bacteria and fungi. The FOS has attracted great interest of the industry due to its physiological and biomodulator properties. Because it is non-digestible polysaccharides prebiotics, have the ability to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, assisting in the prevention of tooth decay and colon cancer in humans. They can also contribute to decrease total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, to promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium and can be used in diets with dietary restrictions, because they are low-calorie sugars presenting high nutritional value. Considering there are different forms of FOS synthesized by different mechanisms, the present work attempts to make structural and functional characterization of a set of 13 fructosyltransferases of bacteria and fungi. The target genes were cloned and the enzymes were expressed and purified. Structural testing of X-ray crystallography and enzymatic activity, including sucrose hydrolysis and polymerization were carried out for a better understanding of the molecular basis involved in substrate recognition. Eight enzymes, two β-frutofuranosidases B. adolescentis, three sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase of B. licheniformis and L. gasseri and A. niger invertase, were crystallized and the enzymes from B. adolescentis and from L. gasseri had their structures determined and their catalytic site mapped. These are similar to each other and present in their structure one β-propeller region which was identified as catalytic site, connected to one β-sandwich module. Both enzymes showed hydrolytic activity of the sucrose and L. gasseri showed the formation of FOS, 1-kestose and nystose with 1 M sucrose concentrations and times of 8 and 12 hours of incubation. These studies together with the analysis of other enzymes will enable the improvement in large-scale production, besides the optimization and control of these processes for the production of FOS.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-01-15
 
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