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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.76.2016.tde-14062016-143750
Document
Author
Full name
Patricia Suemy Kumagai
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Costa Filho, Antônio José da (President)
Bisch, Paulo Mascarello
Ciancaglini, Pietro
Valente, Ana Paula
Ward, Richard John
Title in Portuguese
Interações moleculares no mecanismo de ação da galectina-4 humana
Keywords in Portuguese
Calorimetria
Carboidratos
Espectroscopia
Galectina-4 humana
Interações
Abstract in Portuguese
A galectina-4 humana (HGal-4), pertencente à família das galectinas, possui dois domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRDs) com alta afinidade para β-galactosídeos e se encontra amplamente distribuída em células normais e neoplásicas de diferentes organismos. Suas funções snglobam uma grande variedade de eventos celulares, tais como processos inflamatórios, neoplásicos, progressão tumoral e metástase. Entretanto, muitas perguntas sobre suas interações com diferentes carboidratos, a especificidade destas interações e o papel específico das galectinas permanecem ainda sem resposta. No presente trabalho, propomos a investigação das interações galectina-glicano da galectina-4 humana e de seus domínios CRDs independentes (CRD-I e CRD-II) através de um conjunto de métodos biofísicos. Através do método de dicroísmo circular (CD), usando várias regiões espectrais, e fluorescência fomos capazes de entender mudanças ocorrentes na estrutura secundária e terciária das protéinas quando da interação com lactose/sacarose. Estes dados, juntamente com testes de hemaglutinação, mostraram que a glectina-4 e os CRDs respondem de forma distinta à ligação com açúcar. Por diferentes técnicas (fluorescência, ITC e MST) determinamos as constantes de dissociação para os domínios CRDs (Kd ~0,5 mM) e para HGal-4 e, de forma qualitativa, os valores obtidos indicaram possíveis estados oligoméricos dessas proteínas. A investigação da interação proteína-membrana da HGal-4 foi feita, primeiramente, com miméticos de membranas e monitorada pela técnica de RPE em crescente complexidade de composição de tais miméticos, indo desde composições mais simples, passando por lipid rafts na presença de diferentes glicolipídeos (GM1, LPS) e chegando-se à interação com células tumorais (U87MG, T98G e HT-29). Tais experimentos mostraram que galectina-4 reconhece e se liga naqueles modelos onde existem glicanos complexos na superfície. Investigamos também a participação de HGal-4 endógena e exógena no tratamento quimioterápico de células tumorais e verificamos um papel importante de HGal-4 para células HT-29. Finalizando esta tese, apresentamos o trabalho realizado em um ano de estágio na University of Oxford, durante o qual, investigamos a estrutura da região C-terminal de um receptor da família GPCR, qual seja o receptor de neurotensina NTS1. Aqui, mais uma vez, foi empregada a técnica de RPE que aliada à produção/marcação de mutantes do receptor, permitiu determinar que a hélice H8 se estabiliza quando em proteolipossomos.
Title in English
Molecular interactions on mechanism action of human galectin-4
Keywords in English
Calorimetry
Carbohydrates
Human galectin-4
Interactions
Spectroscopy
Abstract in English
Human galectin-4 (HGal-4), a member of the galectin family, contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) with high affinity for β-galactosides and is widely distributed in normal and neoplastic cells of different organisms. Its functions include a wide variety of cellular events such as inflammation, cancer, cell adhesion, tumor progression and metastasis. However, many questions about their interactions with different carbohydrates, the specificity of these interactions and the specific role of galectins remain unanswered. In this study, we propose the investigation of galectin-glycan interactions of human galectin-4 and its independent CRDs (CRD-I and-II) through a combination of biophysical methods. From circular dichroism (CD), measured in different spectral ranges, and fluorescence experiments we were able to understand changes in secondary and terciary structure of the protein while interacting with lactose/sucrose. These results along with hemagglutination assays showed that galectin-4 and its CRDs respond differently to sugar binding. From fluorescence, ITC and MST measurements we determined the dissociation constants for the CRDs (Kd ~0.5 mM) and for HGal-4. These values qualitatively indicated the formation of potential oligomers of CRDs and of HGal-4. The investigation of the HGal-4 interaction with membranes was firstly performed using mimetic membranes and monitored by EPR spectroscopy. The composition of the mimetic membranes was gradually increased so that to span simple compositions (such as DMPC), passing by lipid rafts in the presence of different glycolipds (GM1, LPS) up to interactions with tumor cells (U87MG, T98G e HT-29). These experiments showed that galectin-4 recognizes and binds to membrane models constituted by complex glycans on their surface. We also investigated the involvement of endogenous and exogenous HGal-4 in chemotherapies of tumor cells and found an important role of HGal-4 in the case of HT-29 cells. At last, we presented the work done in an one-year internship at the University of Oxford, during which we investigated the C-terminal region of the GPCR family receptor, the neurotensin receptor NTS1. Here, we used once again the EPR technique combined with the production/spin-labelling of mutants of the receptors, and determined that helix H8 was stabilized upon receptor reconstitution in proteolipossomes.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-06-15
 
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