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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.75.2019.tde-25092019-090235
Document
Author
Full name
Stéphano Marques
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Bogusz Junior, Stanislau (President)
Azevedo, Fernando Alves de
Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
Yariwake, Janete Harumi
Title in Portuguese
Influência de diferentes porta-enxertos na composição química dos óleos essenciais e do suco de tangerinas Fremont IAC 543
Keywords in Portuguese
Citrus
Compostos Voláteis
Cromatografia Gasosa e Espectrometria de Massas
Microextração em Fase Sólida
Óleos Essenciais
Química Analítica
Abstract in Portuguese

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a influência de diferentes porta-enxertos (Limão Cravo, Citrumelo Swingle, Trifoliata e Trifoliata Flying Dragon) na composição química dos óleos essenciais e dos voláteis do suco integral de tangerinas Fremont IAC 543. Os óleos essenciais da casca dos frutos foram obtidos por hidrodestilação, e variaram de 0,36 a 0,47% (v/m), sendo que a tangerina cultivada em porta-enxerto Trifoliata Flying Dragon foi a que apresentou menor rendimento de óleo essencial. A caracterização química dos óleos essenciais foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-MS) e a semi-quantificação dos componentes dos óleos essenciais foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de ionização em chama (GC-FID). Os compostos majoritários dos óleos essenciais das variedades estudadas foram limoneno, linalol e mirceno, os quais são responsáveis por mais de 95% da área relativa dos componentes dos óleos essenciais. Devido à maior produtividade do porta-enxerto Citrumelo Swingle (18 L/ha), este é o mais indicado para produção de óleo essencial de tangerina Fremont IAC 543. Para a caracterização dos voláteis presentes no suco integral da tangerina Fremont IAC 543 foi realizada a otimização multivaridada da extração dos voláteis do suco por microextração em fase sólida de headspace (HS-SPME). Encontrou-se que a melhor condição para a extração dos voláteis consistiu no uso de fibra de divinilbenzeno/polidimetilsiloxano (DVB/PDMS), temperatura de extração de 43 °C e tempo de 31 min. Os principais compostos voláteis dos sucos integrais estudados foram o limoneno, mirceno, linalol, decanal, α-pineno, havendo bastante variação na composição dos voláteis dos sucos integrais de acordo com o porta-enxerto utilizado. Os espectros de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear mostraram que os sucos das quatro amostras analisadas possuem perfis complexos, porém semelhantes. A tangerina cultivada com porta-enxerto de Limão Cravo apresentou maiores valores de ácido málico e tirosina. A tangerina enxertada com Citrumelo Swingle apresentou maiores quantidades de ácido cítrico e etanol. A variedade plantada sobre o porta-enxerto de Trifoliata apresentou maiores valores de alanina, glicose e sacarose. A amostra cultivada sobre o porta-enxerto de Trifoliara Flying Dragon apresentou menor quantidade de etanol. Através da análise de componentes principais foi possível diferenciar as amostras a partir de seus componentes de óleo essencial e compostos voláteis e não-voláteis do suco integral de cada variedade plantada em diferentes porta-enxertos.

Title in English
The influence of different rootstocks in the essential oils chemical composition and juice volatiles from mandarin Fremont IAC 543
Keywords in English
Analytical Chemistry
Citrus
Essential Oils
Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Solid Phase Microextraction
Volatile Compounds
Abstract in English

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of different rootstocks (Clove Lemon, Citrumelo Swingle, Trifoliata and Trifoliata Flying Dragon) on the chemical composition of the essential oils and volatiles of the Fremont IAC 543 mandarin. The essential oils from the fruit peels were obtained by hydrodistillation, and ranged from 0.36 to 0.47% (v/w) and the mandarin cultivated in Trifoliata Flying Dragon rootstock showed the lowest essential oil yield. The chemical characterization of the essential oils was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the semi-quantification of essential oil components was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The major essential oils compounds were limonene, linalool, and myrcene, which were responsible for more than 95% of the essential oil components. Due to the higher productivity of the Citrumelo Swingle rootstock (18 L/ha), this was the most suitable rootstock for the Fremont IAC 543 mandarin essential oil production. Aiming the characterization of the Fremont IAC 543 mandarin juice volatiles compounds, a multivariate optimization of juice volatiles extraction by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was performed. It was found that the best volatile extraction conditions were the use of divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/PDMS) fiber, 43 ° C for extraction temperature and 31 min for extraction time. The main volatile compounds of the whole juices studied were limonene, myrcene, linalool, decanal and α-pinene. It possible see a considerable variation in the volatile composition of whole juices according to the rootstock used. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectras showed that the juices of the four samples analyzed had complex but similar profiles. Tangerine cultivated with Lemon Cravo rootstock showed higher values of malic acid and tyrosine. Tangerine growth in Citrumelo Swingle showed higher amounts of citric acid and ethanol. The variety planted on the rootstock of Trifoliata showed higher values of alanine, glucose and sucrose. The sample cultivated on the Trifoliara Flying Dragon rootstock showed less ethanol. Through the principal component analysis, it was possible to differentiate the samples using their essential oil components and volatile and non-volatile compounds from the integral juice of each variety planted in different rootstocks.

 
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Publishing Date
2019-09-27
 
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