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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.75.2019.tde-05072019-161950
Document
Author
Full name
Leticia Schwerz
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Lanças, Fernando Mauro (President)
Bottoli, Carla Beatriz Grespan
Adaime, Martha Bohrer
Gomes, Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima
Vieira, Eny Maria
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento e avaliação comparativa de column switching e LC-MS em escalas convencional e miniaturizada para determinação de contaminantes emergentes em água
Keywords in Portuguese
água
column switching
contaminantes emergentes
cromatografia líquida convencional
cromatografia líquida miniaturizada
LC-MS
Abstract in Portuguese

O interesse por técnicas analíticas que ofereçam a sensibilidade adequada, que sejam econômicas, ambientalmente corretas e capazes de processar rapidamente um grande número de amostras de diferentes complexidades é cada vez maior. Nesse aspecto, a utilização da LC no modo multidimensional é alternativa promissora, especialmente quando estratégias de extração e pré-concentração em fase sólida acopladas de forma on-line com a separação são exploradas, tanto em escala convencional quanto em escala miniaturizada. A ocorrência ambiental de contaminantes emergentes (EDCs) e seus impactos nas formas de vida aquática e terrestre têm sido motivo de preocupação. A quantificação desses analitos no ambiente exige métodos com limites de detecção (LDs) muito baixos, fazendo das estratégias column switching, com a inerente pré-concentração on-line, pertinentes para satisfazer as exigências na determinação desses compostos. Nesse cenário, o desenvolvimento e avaliação de estratégias column switching para determinação de contaminantes emergentes em amostras de interesse ambiental como aplicação modelo no estudo comparativo entre as escalas convencional e miniaturizada se faz impactante. Várias estratégias abrangendo column switching capilar e convencional foram investigadas. Colunas extratoras preenchidas com fases comerciais foram avaliadas, e tiveram seu desempenho testado no acoplamento com diversas colunas analíticas. Métodos em column switching capilar e convencional foram desenvolvidos e validados, tendo sido avaliadas as principais figuras de mérito. Os LQs atingidos em CS-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS variaram de 0,001 ng mL-1 (BP e BzP) a 0,1 ng mL-1 (E3, E2 e EE2); para o método CS-cLC-ESI-MS/MS, os LQs foram maiores, variando entre 0,008 ng mL-1 (BP e BzP) a 0,8 ng mL-1 (E3, E2 e EE2). A linearidade dos métodos foi atestada avaliando-se os gráficos de resíduos, coeficiente de determinação e aplicando-se ponderações quando pertinente. A exatidão e a precisão foram investigadas, apresentando valores dentro dos critérios de aceitação. Por fim, os métodos foram aplicados em amostras ambientais aquosas coletadas em São Carlos - SP, mostrando que os métodos são adequados ao fim a que se destinam.

Title in English
Development and comparative evaluation of conventional and miniaturized column switching and LC-MS for the determination of emerging contaminants in water
Keywords in English
column switching
conventional liquid chromatography
emerging Contaminants
LC-MS
miniaturized liquid chromatography
water
Abstract in English

The interest in analytical techniques that offer adequate sensitivity, that are economical, environmentally friendly and capable of rapidly processing many samples of different complexities is increasing. In this regard, the use of LC in the multidimensional mode is a promising alternative, especially when solid phase extraction and preconcentration strategies coupled online with the separation are explored, both on a conventional scale and on a miniaturized scale. The environmental occurrence of emerging pollutants (EDCs) and their impacts on aquatic and terrestrial life forms have been of concern. Quantification of these analytes in the environment requires methods with very low detection limits (LDs), making column switching strategies with the inherent preconcentration online relevant to satisfy the requirements in determining these compounds. In this scenario, the development and evaluation of column switching strategies for the determination of emerging contaminants in samples of environmental interest as an application model in the comparative study between conventional and miniaturized scales is striking. Several strategies covering capillary and conventional column switching were investigated. Extraction columns filled with commercial phases were evaluated, and their performance was tested in the coupling with several analytical columns. Methods in capillary and conventional column switching modes were developed and validated, and the main figures of merit were evaluated. The LQs reached in CS-UHPLC-ESI-MS / MS ranged from 0.001 ng mL-1 (BP and BzP) to 0.1 ng mL-1 (E3, E2 and EE2); for the CS-cLC-ESI-MS / MS method, the LQs were higher, ranging from 0.008 ng mL-1 (BP and BzP) to 0.8 ng mL-1 (E3, E2 and EE2). The linearity of the methods was attested by evaluating the residual plots, coefficient of determination and applying weighted calibration when needed. Accuracy and precision were investigated, presenting values within the acceptance criteria. Finally, the methods were applied in samples collected in São Carlos - SP, showing that the methods are suitable for the purpose.

 
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Publishing Date
2019-08-23
 
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