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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.75.2014.tde-04052015-155320
Document
Author
Full name
Miguel Alexis Luna Quinto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Polito, Wagner Luiz (President)
Franco, Douglas Wagner
Oliveira, Caue Ribeiro de
Title in Portuguese
Liberação controlada em ureia revestida empregando um sistema polimérico acrilato com foco no íon amônio
Keywords in Portuguese
Liberação controlada de fertilizantes
polímeros acrílicos
sustentabilidade
ureia
Abstract in Portuguese

O uso de materiais de revestimento na agricultura se constitui em uma das mais importantes aplicações de polímeros, principalmente, no encapsulamento da ureia. Devido a seu elevado conteúdo de nitrogênio entre 44 a 46 % em massa, a ureia leva muita vantagem na adubação nitrogenada. A escolha recaiu sobre um sistema polimérico acrilato incorporando vinhaça, melaço e carbonato de cálcio (aditivo inorgânico), sendo o foco deste sistema reter e liberar, controladamente, os nutrientes. Foram feitos bio-ensaios usando três tipos de fertilizantes ureia, material comercial e ureia revestida, sendo possível avaliar o filme como um sistema de revestimento bastante eficaz. Para determinar a quantidade de íon amônio (NH4+), empregaram-se técnicas de análise simples como a micro-destilação e micro-volumetria. Além disso, foi aplicado métodos instrumentais FTIR, TG, DTG, DSC, MEV e EDX para caracterizar a estrutura e morfologia do material polimérico. Os resultados mostraram que a presença do composto inorgânico (CaCO3) no compósito, tem um papel relevante na estrutura aniônica do polímero-base, este atua na retenção de cargas opostas por interações eletrostáticas, controlando a taxa de liberação de nitrogênio como íon amônio, mostrando que o polímero revestido presenta melhor eficiência e desempenho na liberação em quanto ao polímero comercial e a ureia. A opção pela investigação de fertilizantes revestidos foi devido à relevância do tema e do impacto na sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica.

Title in English
Controlled release urea coated employing an acrylate polymer system with focus on the ammonium ion
Keywords in English
acrylic polymers
Controlled release of the fertilizer
sustainability
urea
Abstract in English
The use of coating materials in agriculture constitutes one of the most important applications of polymers, mainly in the encapsulation of urea. Due to its high nitrogen content between 44-46% by weight, urea takes much advantage in nitrogen fertilization. The choice fell on a polymeric acrylate system incorporating vine, molasses and calcium carbonate (inorganic additive), the center of this system hold and release controlled nutrients. Bioassays were performed using three types of fertilizer urea, commercial material and coated urea being possible to evaluate the film as a very effective coating system. To determine the amount of ammonium ion (NH4+) simple analysis techniques, such as micro-distillation and micro-volumetric were employed. In addition, instrumental methods, including FTIR, TG, DTG, DSC, MEV and EDX were applied to characterize the structure and morphology of the polymeric material. The results showed that the presence of the inorganic compound (CaCO3) in the composite plays an important role in the structure of anionic polymer base, it acts on the retention of opposite charge by electrostatic interaction by controlling the release rate of nitrogen as ammonium ion, showing the improved efficiency and performance of coated polymer in the release compared to the commercial polymer and the urea. The option for the investigation of coated fertilizers was due to the relevance of the issue and the impact on economic and environmental sustainability.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-05-15
 
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