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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.75.2008.tde-21082009-092523
Document
Author
Full name
Fabiane Capraro Fogo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira (President)
Alberguini, Leny Borghesan Albertini
Crespilho, Frank Nelson
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação e critérios de eficiência nos processos de tratamento de fluido de corte por eletroflotação
Keywords in Portuguese
eletroflotação
fluido de corte
tratamento
Abstract in Portuguese
No processo de usinagem temos a utilização de fluidos de corte, utilizados para facilitar a operação de corte de peças metálicas, que tem resultado em problemas de várias ordens, que vão desde a geração de efeitos nocivos no ambiente de trabalho até a agressão do meio ambiente com seu descarte inadequado. Os fluidos de corte são compostos por óleos graxos e minerais, soluções sintéticas e água, substâncias carcinogênicas devido à formação de nitrosaminas, além de aditivos à base de cloro, nitrito, fósforo e aminas. Muitos dos processos utilizados em estações de tratamento de efluentes envolvem a adição de agentes coagulantes e floculantes, como, polímeros e sais de sulfato de ferro e alumínio. Estas substâncias mesmo em baixas concentrações provocam impactos ambientais, alterando o equilíbrio do corpo receptor. No presente projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolvido o tratamento do fluido de corte sintético utilizando a Eletroflotação, uma técnica eletroquímica, que utiliza eletrodos de sacrifício de alumínio para geração in situ de um agente coagulante. Simultaneamente, micro bolhas de gases são geradas como resultado da eletrólise da água devido à aplicação de uma diferença de potencial entre os eletrodos. Após a coagulação, os colóides podem ser flotados e removidos. Para verificar a eficiência do tratamento foi realizada a caracterização do fluido de corte antes e após o tratamento comparando os valores com os valores de descarte pertinentes na Legislação Estadual do estado de São Paulo, o Decreto nº 8.468 de 8 de setembro de 1976. As caracterizações foram : determinação de pH e turbidez, metais, fósforo total ,nitrogênio, nitrito, demanda química de oxigênio, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais, carbono total, concentração de óleos e graxas , condutividade, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) , hidrocarbonetos: benzeno, tolueno e xileno (BTEX) e nitrosamina. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma remoção parcial de alguns poluentes e total de BTEX e HPAs. Os poluentes durante a EF foram parcialmente removidos para o lodo, diminuindo o volume a ser posteriormente destruido.
Title in English
Evaluation criteri and efficiency in the procedures for treatment of fluid cutting by eletroflotation
Keywords in English
eletroflotation
fluid cutting
treatment
Abstract in English
In the machining process cutting fluids are used to facilitate the manufacture of metal parts, which has resulted in problems of various orders, ranging from the generation of harmful effects on the desktop to the aggression of the environment with their improper disposal. The cutting fluids are composed of oils and minerals, synthetic solutions and water, carcinogenic substances due to the formation of nitrosamines, as well as chlorine-based additives, nitrite, phosphorus and amines. Many of the processes used in sewage treatment stations involve the addition of coagulants and flocculants agents, such as polymers and iron and aluminum salts. These substances even at low concentrations cause environmental impacts, altering the balance of the receiver body. In this research project it was developed a method to treat synthetic cutting fluid using the Eletroflotation, an electrochemical technique, which uses aluminum sacrifice electrodes to generate in situ a coagulating agent. Simultaneously, micro-gas bubbles are generated as a result of the water electrolysis due to the application of a potential difference between the electrodes. After coagulation, the colloids can be float and removed. To check the efficiency of the procedure it was performed a characterization of the cutting fluid before and after treatment comparing some values with the results relevant legislation in the State of São Paulo, the Decree nº. 8468 of September 8th, 1976.The characterizations were: determination of pH and turbidity, metals, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total solids, total carbon, concentration of oils and greases, conductivity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) and nitrosamines. The results showed that the polarity reversion did not result in more efficient processing of cutting fluid with the EF. The metals reduction has been satisfactory under the law. The total solids, nitrates and phosphates present were partially removed noting the effectiveness of EF in the reduction of inorganic compounds. The decrease of oils and greases concentration, total organic carbon, demand chemical and biochemical oxygen showed the efficient removal of organic compounds present in the residue. The treatment with Eletroflotation resulted in total removal of BTEX and PAHs. The nitrosamines were not found in the residue. The pollutants during the Eletroflotation were transferred to the mud, reducing the volume to be subsequently destroyed.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-08-26
 
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