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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.75.2008.tde-20082009-173100
Document
Author
Full name
Miriam Harumi Kossuga
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Berlinck, Roberto Gomes de Souza (President)
Correia, Carlos Roque Duarte
Fernandes, João Batista
Gamboa, Ian Castro
Kato, Massuo Jorge
Title in Portuguese
Metabólitos secundários bioativos de invertebrados marinhos: isolamento, determinação estrutural e atividades biológicas
Keywords in Portuguese
atividades biológicas
determinação estrutural
invertebrados marinhos
metabólitos secundários
Abstract in Portuguese
Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos os organismos marinhos se tornaram uma das fontes mais interessantes para o isolamento de produtos naturais biologicamente ativos. Apesar disso, os organismos marinhos da costa brasileira foram muito pouco explorados como fonte de metabólitos secundários. A presente investigação se insere no âmbito de dois projetos temáticos, o primeiro desenvolvido entre 2002 e 2006 e o segundo em andamento, que têm por objetivo melhor conhecer as potencialidades de organismos marinhos da costa brasileira como fonte de metabólitos secundários biologicamente ativos. Assim, foram investigados extratos bioativos de cinco espécies de invertebrados marinhos: três ascídias, uma esponja e um octocoral, todos oriundos da costa brasileira. O fracionamento dos extratos destes animais resultou no isolamento de 15 compostos, dos quais sete inéditos na literatura. A partir do extrato bruto da ascídia Clavelina oblonga foram isolados dois compostos: a 5-[3,5-dibromo-4([2-oxo-5-oxazonidinil)]metoxifenil]2-oxazolidinona e o (2S,3R)- 2-amino-3-dodecanol. Este último apresentou uma potente atividade antifúngica contra Candida albicans. Do extrato da ascídia Didemnum ligulum foram obtidos dois compostos: a asterubina e a N,N-dimetil-O-metiletanolamina. A investigação química do extrato da ascídia Didemnum sp. resultou no isolamento de quatro dicetopiperazinas modificadas denominadas rodriguesinas A e B, e N-acetil-rodriguesinas A e B. As rodriguesinas A e B foram obtidas na forma de mistura inseparável, e puderam ser identificadas por análises espectroscópicas detalhadas, inclusive por experimentos MS/MS. A mistura contendo as rodriguesinas A e B apresentou moderada atividade antibiótica contra um isolado clínico de Streptococcus mutans, contra S. mutans UA159 e Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538. A partir do extrato bruto da esponja Plakortis angulospiculatus foram obtidos seis policetídeos: a plakortenona, a plakortina, o plakortídeo P, o 3,6 epoxi, 4,6,8 trietil-2,4,9-dodecatrienoato de metila, a espongosoritina A e o 3,6 epoxi, 4,6,8 trietil-2,4,-dodecadienoato de metila. Os compostos puros obtidos da esponja P.angulospiculatus foram avaliados em testes de atividade antiparasitária contra Leishmania chagasi e Trypanosoma cruzi, antineuroinflamatória e citotóxica frente a quatro diferentes linhagens de células tumorais. O composto plakortídeo P apresentou potente atividade leishmanicida altamente seletiva. Finalmente, a investigação do extrato bruto do octocoral Carijoa riisei resultou no isolamento de um único constituinte, o esteróide 18-acetoxipregna-1,4,20-trien-3-ona, na qual apresentou atividades tripanomicida e leishmanicida.
Title in English
Bioactive secondary metabolites from marine invertebrates: isolation, structure determination and biological activities
Keywords in English
biological activities
marine invertebrates
secondary metabolites
Abstract in English
Throughout the last 20 years, marine organisms have become one of the most interesting sources for the isolation of biological active natural products. However, marine organisms from the Brazilian coastline have been largely underexplored as source of secondary metabolites. The present investigation was developed in the scope of two thematic projects, the first one during 2002 and 2006 the second one, still in progress, aims the discovery of the potentialities of marine organisms of the Brazilian coast as a source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Bioactive extracts of five species of marine invertebrates have been investigated: three ascidians, one sponge and one octocoral. The fractionation of these extracts led to the isolation of 15 compounds, of which seven are unprecedented in the literature. From the crude extract of the ascidian Clavelina oblonga two compounds have been isolated: [3,5-dibromo-4-[(2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)]methoxyphenyl]-2- oxazolidinone and (2S,3R)-2-aminododecan-3-ol. The last one displayed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Two compounds have been obtained from the crude extract of the ascidian Didemnum ligulum: asterubine and N,N-dimethyl-O-methylethanolamine. The chemical investigation of the extract of the ascidian Didemnum sp. resulted in the isolation of four modified diketopiperazines: rodriguesines A and B, was well as N-acetil-rodriguesines A and B. Rodriguesines A and B have been obtained as an unseparable mixture, and have been identified by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data including MS/MS experiments. The mixture of the rodriguesines A and B displayed moderate antibiotic activity against a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans, against S. aureus mutans UA159 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538. The crude extract of the sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus have been investigated and six polyketides have been isolated: plakortenone, plakortin, plakortide P, methyl 3,6-epoxy-4,6,8-triethyl-2,4,9-dodecatrienoate, spongosoritin A and methyl 3,6-epoxy-4,6,8-triethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate. The polyketides isolated from the sponge P.angulospiculatus have been evaluated in tests of antiparasitic activity against Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi, antineuroinflammatory and cytotoxic against four different human cancer cell lines. Plakortide P exhibited potent and highly selective leishmanicidal activity. Finally, the chemical investigation of the crude extract from the octocoral Carijoa riisei resulted in the isolation of a single constituent, the known steroid 18- acetoxypregna-1,4,20-trien-3-one, which displayed cytotoxic, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-08-26
 
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