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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.7.2009.tde-20052009-113257
Document
Author
Full name
Patricia de Freitas
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Kimura, Amélia Fumiko (President)
Aragaki, Ilva Marico Mizumoto
Praça, Neide de Souza
Title in Portuguese
Prevalência e fatores associados à hipoglicemia transitória em recém-nascidos internados em Hospital Amigo da Criança
Keywords in Portuguese
Amamentação
Enfermagem neonatal
Fatores de risco
Hipoglicemia neonatal
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: a glicose é um importante substrato para o metabolismo celular em especial, do cérebro. A hipoglicemia neonatal está associada ao risco do desenvolvimento de sequelas neurológicas. A hipoglicemia neonatal afeta de 3% a 43% dos neonatos e sua prevalência em neonatos a termo em aleitamento materno exclusivo tem sido pouco explorada em nosso meio. Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de hipoglicemia transitória em recém-nascidos internados em Hospital Amigo da Criança. Método: estudo transversal com coleta de dados dos prontuários médicos de neonatos com controle de glicemia capilar nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Foram analisados 381 prontuários de neonatos internados na unidade Alojamento Conjunto de um hospital-escola da cidade de São Paulo entre 1º de julho a 31 de dezembro de 2006. Os dados foram armazenados, processados e analisados nos programas estatísticos SPSS 13.0 for Windows e NCSS/PASS 2000 Dawson Edition. Para o tratamento estatístico, foram adotados os testes Qui-Quadrado para verificar a associação entre variáveis qualitativas e o Exato de Fischer. O nível de significância descritivo adotado foi = 0,05 e as diferenças estatísticas com valor de p < 0,05 foram consideradas significativas. Resultados: a prevalência de hipoglicemia foi de 1,1%; as variáveis: hipertensão arterial na gestação, infusão endovenosa de soro glicosado no trabalho de parto, presença de escoriação mamilar nas primeiras 24 horas pós-parto apresentaram significância estatística com a ocorrência de hipoglicemia neonatal, respectivamente, com valores de p = 0,0283; p < 0,0001 e p = 0,0058. A frequência de neonatos que desenvolveram hipoglicemia foi menor no grupo de neonatos amamentados entre as 2ª e 6ª horas de vida (p = 0,0013). A ocorrência de diagnóstico de hipoglicemia neonatal foi bem maior entre os neonatos que apresentaram valores de glicemia capilar 40 mg/dl nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, 15 (83,3%), com p < 0,0001. Neonatos com sinais relacionados à hipoglicemia, 210 (55,1%) foram os que mais apresentaram diagnóstico de hipoglicemia (p = 0,0137). Conclusão: a hipoglicemia neonatal é um distúrbio metabólico raro que acomete os recém-nascidos a termo e saudáveis, sobretudo nas primeiras 6 horas de vida. Alguns fatores obstétricos e os relacionados à amamentação e lactação, bem como os neonatos sintomáticos, em especial, quando apresentam tremores, devem ser considerados como preditores da ocorrência de diagnóstico de hipoglicemia no recém-nascido. Estudos devem ser realizados para analisar a relação entre o diabetes gestacional e a ocorrência de hipoglicemia neonatal
Title in English
Prevalence and factors associated with transient hypoglycaemia in newborns hospitalized in a Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
Keywords in English
Breastfeeding
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Neonatal nursing
Risk factors
Abstract in English
Introduction: the glucose is a major substrate for brain cellular metabolism. The neonatal hypoglycaemia is associated with a risk of developing neurological sequelae. The neonatal hypoglycaemia affecting 3% to 43% infant newborns and their prevalence in full-term newborns admitted in the Baby-Friendly Initiative Hospital, on exclusive breastfeeding, has been little explored in Brazil. Objective: to analyze the occurrence of transient hypoglycaemia in newborns admitted to a maternity ward that adopts The Baby-Friendly initiative Hospital Model. Method: a cross-sectional study whose data were extracted from 381 newborn hospital records undergoing capillary blood glucose control in the first 24 hours of life and from their mothers hospital records, admitted in the room-in ward at School Hospital of University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from July to December, 2006. Data were collected after the research project was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee. Data were collected, stored and analyzed using SPSS 13.0 for Windows and NCSS / PASS 2000 Dawson Edition. Chi-square and Fishers tests to determine the association between qualitative variables were applied, = 0,05 (p value < 0.05) were adopted to consider statistical differences. Results: the prevalence of hypoglycemia was 1.1%. The variables hypertension during the pregnancy; intravenous continuous infusion of glucose during the labor; nipple excoriation in the first 24 hours after delivery showed statistical significance with the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia, respectively, p = 0.0283, p <0.0001 and p = 0.0058. The frequency of neonates who developed hypoglycemia was lower in the group of infants breastfed between the second and sixth hour of life (p = 0.0013), the occurrence of diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia was higher among newborns who had capillary blood glucose values 40 mg/dL in the first 24 hours of life, 15 (83.3%), with p < 0.0001. The group of neonates with symptomatic hypoglycemia, 210 (55.1%), had more babies with diagnosis of hypoglycemia, (p = 0.0137). Conclusion: the neonatal hypoglycemia is a rare metabolic disorder that affects the healthy full-term newborns especially in the first six hours of life. Some obstetric factors, breastfeeding patterns, lactation conditions and symptomatic neonates, particularly when the baby shows signs of tremor should be regarded as predictors of developing neonatal hypoglycemia. Studies should be conducted to examine the relationship between gestational diabetes and the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia in full term neonates who exclusively breastfed
 
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Publishing Date
2009-05-29
 
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