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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.64.2006.tde-30012007-105204
Document
Author
Full name
Marcos Alexandre Bolson
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2006
Supervisor
Committee
Victoria, Reynaldo Luiz (President)
Bernardes, Marcelo Corrêa
Laclau, Jean Paul
Title in Portuguese
A biogeoquímica do rio Urupá, Rondônia
Keywords in Portuguese
Bacia hidrográfica. Carbono 13. Ciclos biogeoquímicos. Desmatamento Impactos ambientais. Pastagens
Abstract in Portuguese
O estado de Rondonia possui hoje o 8° maior rebanho bovino do pais. Essa caracteristica o torna urn estado essencialmente pecuarista, muito embora ja se perceba um avanco na atividade agricola. Em termos de impacto ambiental, a pecuaria é extremamente agressiva, pois nas praticas antigas de manejo do gado era comum a conversdo direta da floresta em pastagem e consecutivas queimas nos primeiros anos para a limpeza da biomassa remanescente da floresta. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar possiveis alteracOes na biogeoquimica das aguas do rio Urupd mediante esse cenario de contraste entre areas que preservam as caracteristicas naturais e areas corn elevado grau de perturbacao. Corn este intuito, foram realizadas amostragens em seis pontos ao longo do rio Urupd, de forma a termos um gradativo cendrio de perturbacdo no use do solo. 0 primeiro ponto refere-se ao setor da nascente, e é o mais preservado da bacia, corn praticamente 100% de suas caracteristicas naturais, ao passo que o Ultimo, que abrange toda a bacia de drenagem, mantem aproximadamente 51% de floresta. Para essas unidades de drenagens foram analisadas as concentraeOes de ions maiores (Nat, Kt, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3", CY e SO42), de carbono organic° dissolvido (COD), e a razao isotOpica do carbono inorganic° dissolvido (613C do CID). Em geral, os resultados mostraram que, apesar da quantidade de pastagem aumentar de uma unidade de drenagem para outra, e as concentracCies de ions dissolvidos aumentarem consideravelmente, as diferencas nas concentracOes apresentam melhor relacdo coin a distribuicao da Capacidade Efetiva de Troca de Cations, caracteristica inerente dos solos. Portanto, em termos das concentracOes de ions maiores, apesar do extenso desmatamento, ndo ha indicios de que os processos naturais tenham sido suplantados por antropogenicos como principais fatores determinantes da dinamica neste sistema. Contudo, a distribuicdo espacial e temporal das concentraceies de carbono organic° dissolvido demonstram que o aumento do percentual de pastagens relaciona-se corn concentracOes significativamente maiores desta forma de C nas aguas do canal principal. A composicao isot6pica (613C) do carbono inorganic° dissolvido demonstrou que, nos setores mais a juzante da bacia do rio Urupd, a quimica das aguas e predominantemente determinada por processos de intemperismo de rochas carbonatadas
Title in English
The biogeochemistry of Urupá river, Rondônia
Keywords in English
Hydrographic basin. Carbon 13. Biogeochemical cycles. Deforestation. Environmental impacts. Cattle
Abstract in English
The state of Rondonia has the 8th largest cow herd of the country. This characteristic makes it a state where cattle raising dominates the landscape, although other agricultural uses are becoming noticeable. In terms of environmental impacts cattle raising is extremely aggressive, since early practices were based on slash and burn techniques. This study intends to evaluate changes in the biogeochemistry of the Urupá river waters in such a scenario of remaining pristine areas and heavily impacted ones. In order to understand that, 6 sampling stations were established along the river, at different degrees of land use changes. The first station refers to the headwaters and is the most pristine reach, with almost 100% of its original vegetation, whereas the the last corresponds to the whole basin and has only 51% or remaining forests. The waters where analyzed for the concentrations of major ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3-, Cl- e SO42-), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the isotopic composition (?13C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Generally, the results show that, although the percentages of pasture and major ion concentrations increase significantly along the basin, the latter relates better with a natural characteristic of the soils, which is the effective cation exchange capacity. Consequently, in terms of the ionic concentration of these waters, even with the extensive deforestation observed in the basin, it is not possible to conclude that anthropogenic processes have overcome natural ones as main forces driving the dynamics of this system. However spatial and temporal DOC distributions show that pastures are directly related to increases of this form of C in these waters. DIC isotopic composition (?13C) shows that the chemistry of the Urupá river lower reaches is controlled by the weathering of carbonate rocks
 
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Publishing Date
2007-04-24
 
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