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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.64.2015.tde-20052015-103604
Document
Author
Full name
Juliano Issakowicz
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Louvandini, Helder (President)
Katiki, Luciana Morita
Kindlein, Liris
Moretti, Débora Botequio
Silva Filho, José Cleto da
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação de raças maternas em cruzamento com carneiros Dorper na produção de cordeiros para abate precoce
Keywords in Portuguese
Ácidos graxos
Carne
Cordeiros
Cruzamentos
Ovelhas
Verminose
Abstract in Portuguese
Com este estudo objetivou-se avaliar ovelhas da raça Morada Nova (MN) e Santa Inês (SI) quanto à infecção parasitária e desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo quando acasaladas ou cruzadas com reprodutores da raça Dorper (D), assim como, o desempenho e as características de carcaça e da carne dos cordeiros Morada Nova (MM), Santa Inês (SS) e de seus meio sangue ½ Dorper x ½ Morada Nova (MD) e ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês (SD) terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizadas 51 ovelhas (MN) com 33,1 ± 4,98 kg de peso e 52 ovelhas (SI) com 51,8 ± 7,07 kg, todas multíparas com idades entre 2 a 4 anos. As ovelhas permaneceram em pastagem de Panicum maximum (cultivar Aruana) e no terço final de gestação e na lactação foram mantidas em baias coletivas recebendo silagem de milho ad libitum e 400 g/animal/dia de concentrado. Após a desmama, foram utilizados 32 cordeiros sendo 8 MM (peso 15,0 ± 1,0 Kg), 8 SS (peso 18,4 ± 1,0 Kg), 8 MD (peso 16,1 ± 1,0 Kg) e 8 SD (peso 21,3 ± 1,0 Kg) com aproximadamente 70 dias de idade e terminados em confinamento com dieta composta de 40 % de silagem de milho e 60 % de concentrado e abatidos aos 35 kg de peso aproximadamente. Em ambas as raças maternas a infecção parasitária foi caracterizada pela predominância de parasitas do gênero Haemonchus, que se agravou no pré e pós-parto com as ovelhas MN capazes de manter a infecção mais baixa aos 30 dias pós-parto. O grau de infecção parasitária não foi suficiente para alterar negativamente as variáveis hematológicas que se mantiveram dentro da normalidade para a espécie, com algumas diferenças entre as raças de acordo com as datas de coleta. Ambas as raças maternas apresentaram bom desempenho reprodutivo, produzindo crias ao nascimento e à desmama mais pesadas quando cruzadas com reprodutores Dorper e Fêmeas MN cruzadas com reprodutores Dorper produzindo a desmama, crias com pesos semelhantes a ovelhas SI acasaladas. Cordeiros cruzados SD e MD apresentam desempenho e características de carcaça semelhantes, com maior deposição de tecido em regiões de maior valor comercial quando comparados aos cordeiros puros. Quanto a carne, não foi identificada diferença entre os grupos estudados para as características de cor, maciez e suculência, mas os cordeiros cruzados apresentaram carne com menor quantidade de gordura, com os cordeiros SD expondo uma gordura com melhor perfil nutricional para o consumo humano do que de cordeiros MD
Title in English
Evaluation of dam breeds in crossing with Dorper sire breed for production of early slaughtering lambs
Keywords in English
Crossings
Fatty acids
Lambs
Meat
Sheep
Verminosis
Abstract in English
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parasitic infection; reproductive and productive performance of Morada Nova (MN) and Santa Inês (SI) sheep crossed with Dorper rams; and to evaluate productive performance; carcass and meat characteristics of Morada Nova (MM) and Santa Inês (SS) lambs and that of the crossbred ½ Dorper x ½ Morada Nova (MD) and ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês (SD) lambs, finished in feedlot system. Fifty one MN sheep (33,1 ± 4,98 kg initial body weight - BW) and 52 SI sheep (51,8 ± 7,07 kg BW), all multiparous, aging from 2 to 4 years old were used. The sheep were kept in Panicum maximum cv. Aruana pasture and from the final third of gestation up to lactation period they were housed in collective pens, receiving corn silage ad libitum and 400 g/animal/day of concentrate. After weaning, 32 lambs, 8 MM (15,0 ± 1,0 Kg BW), 8 SS (18,4 + 1,0 Kg BW), 8 MD (16,1 ± 1,0 Kg BW) and 8 SD (21,3 ± 1,0 Kg BW) aging about 70 days old, finished in feedlot system and fed on a 40:60 corn silage and concentrate diet were slaughtered around the body weight of 35 Kg. In both maternal breeds the parasitic infection was characterized by the predominance of Hamonchus genus parasites, and it has increased in pre and postpartum periods; the MN sheep were capable of maintaining reduced parasitic infection at 30 days after giving birth. The parasitic infection has not affected blood parameters, which were maintained in the reference range of the species, with some differences being observed between breeds according to blood collection dates. Both maternal breeds presented good reproductive performance, producing lambs that presented increased birth and weaning weight when crossed with Dorper ram; MN sheep when crossed with Dorper ram have produced lambs that presented weaning weights similar to that of lambs produced by SI sheep when mated with SI ram. Crossbred lambs SD and MD presented similar productive performance and carcass characteristics, with increased tissue deposition in more commercially appreciated areas when compared with pure breed lambs. In the meat characteristics evaluations, no differences were observed between the studied groups for meat color, softness and juiciness but the crossbred lambs produced meat with reduced fat content, with SD lambs presenting fat profile more suitable for human consumption than MD lambs
 
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Publishing Date
2015-05-28
 
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