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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.64.2015.tde-06102015-144037
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Carolina Leme Castelucci
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet (President)
Bernardi, Marta Regina Verruma
Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira
Mastro, Nélida Lúcia Del
Petrus, Rodrigo Rodrigues
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da estabilidade dos compostos bioativos de polpas de frutas nativas submetidas ao processo de irradiação
Keywords in Portuguese
Compostos fenólicos
Mata Atlântica
Myrtaceae
Radiação gama
UHPLC-MS
Abstract in Portuguese
O Brasil é um dos principais produtores de frutas, porém esta produção está pautada em frutas na maioria das vezes exóticas. Existe uma diversidade de frutas nativas brasileiras ainda desconhecidas e pouco exploradas. Tendo em vista a grande importância da Myrtaceae no que diz respeito à conservação da Mata Atlântica; o potencial econômico e nutricional da produção de polpa de frutas nativas; e considerando que o processamento de alimentos pode exercer efeitos sobre o nível de nutrientes, particularmente no que tange ao teor de compostos bioativos e sua atividade antioxidante, este trabalho teve como objetivo gerar conhecimento sobre a composição e capacidade antioxidante das polpas de frutas, com o intuito de ampliar seu consumo, potencial de comercialização e agregar valor as mesmas, bem como, avaliar o efeito da radiação gama nas propriedades bioativas, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado das polpas e, por fim, a identificação e quantificação dos compostos fenólicos. As polpas de uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Camb.), cambuci (Campomanesia phaea), feijoa (Acca sellowiana), grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis) e cereja do rio grande (Eugenia involucrata), foram divididas em 5 lotes, 4 deles foram submetidos ao tratamento de irradiação (0, 2, 4, e 6 kGy) e 1 lote a pasteurização (85°C/5min.). Os resultados demonstraram que as polpas possuem quantidades expressivas de compostos com atividade antioxidante, sendo que, a polpa de uvaia destacou-se pelos teores de ácido ascórbico, que variaram de 89,99 mg.100 g-1 na pasteurizada a 64,74 mg.100 g-1 a 6 kGy, e pelos carotenoides, que variaram de 24,7 ?g.g-1 no controle a 15,94 ?g.g-1 a 4 kGy. Na feijoa destacam-se os flavonoides no controle, 10,21 mg de ác. gálico.mL-1, nas irradiadas com 2; 4 e 6 kGy, 9,75; 11,58 e 12,79 mg de ác. gálico.mL-1, respectivamente, e na pasteurizada 12,64 mg de ác. gálico.mL-1. As antocianinas foram encontradas em maiores quantidades nas polpas de grumixama (pasteurizadas, 106,01 mg eq. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, irradiadas a 2, 4 e 6 kGy, 52,93; 32,36 e 48,64, respectivamente e no controle 59,75) e cereja do rio grande (pasteurizadas 136,33 mg eq. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, controle 77,11 mg eq. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1 e nas irradiadas 74,91; 77,7 e 69,47 mg eq. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, respectivamente a 2, 4 e 6 kGy). Na polpa de cambuci não foram encontrados teores de flavonoides e antocianinas e apresentaram valores relativamente baixos dos outros compostos estudados. O composto fenólico majoritariamente encontrado na polpa de uvaia foi o ácido gálico, na feijoa os ácidos elágico e quínico, no cambuci, o ácido quínico, na grumixama o ácido elágico e a quercetina e na cereja do rio grande o ácido quínico e a rutina. Apesar da radiação gama ser um eficiente método de conservação e poder ser utilizada sem prejuízo dos compostos bioativos, nas condições estudadas, as doses entre 2 e 6 kGy, não foram efetivas para evitar as perdas dos compostos bioativos de interesse, no período de armazenamento, apresentando resultados inferiores em relação à pasteurização quanto às antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante, medida por ABTS e DPPH
Title in English
Evaluation of the stability of bioactive compounds in native fruit pulp exposed to irradiation process
Keywords in English
Atlantic Forest
Gamma radiation
Myrtaceae
Phenolic compounds
UHPLC-MS
Abstract in English
Brazil is a major producer of exotic native fruits. There is a diversity of native fruits still unknown and slightly researched. Taking into consideration the great importance of Myrtaceae regarding the conservation of the Atlantic Forest; the economic and nutritive potential of the production of native fruit pulp; and considering that the food processing may affect the level of nutrients, particularly with regard to the bioactive compound content and its antioxidant activity, the purpose of this study is to generate knowledge on the composition and the antioxidant capability of Myrtaceae pulps. The study aims at enlarging the consumption of Myrtaceae pulps, their marketing potential and their value-added, as well as at evaluating the effect of gamma radiation on bioactive properties during the cold storage period of pulps, and finally, the identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds. The pulps of uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Camb.), cambuci (Campomanesia phaea), feijoa (Acca sellowiana), grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis) and cereja do rio grande (Eugenia involucrata) were divided into 5 batches, 4 of them were exposed to irradiation (0, 2, 4, e 6 kGy) and one batch pasteurization (85°C/5min.) treatments. The results showed that the pulps have an expressive quantity of compounds with antioxidant activity. Uvaia pulp stood out by the ascorbic acid contents, which decreased from 89,99 mg.100 g-1 in pasteurization to 64,74 mg.100 g-1 by 6 kGy, and by the carotenoids, which varied from 24,7 ?g.g-1 in the control sample to 15,94 ?g.g-1 by 4 kGy. Feijoa presented high levels of flavonoids in the control sample, 10,21 mg of gallic acid.mL-1, in irradiation 2; 4 and 6 kGy, 9,75; 11,58 e 12,79 mg of gallic acid.mL-1, respectively, and in pasteurization 12,64 mg of gallic acid.mL-1. The anthocyanins were found in major quantities in the grumixama pulps (in pasteurization, 106,01 mg eq. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, irradiated by 2, 4 e 6 kGy, 52,93; 32,36 e 48,64, respectively and in the control sample 59,75) and cereja do rio grande (in pasteurization 136,33 mg equ. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, in the control sample 77,11 mg equ. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1 and irradiated 74,91; 77,7 and 69,47 mg equ. cianidina-3-glicosideo.L-1, respectively by 2, 4 e 6 kGy). Flavoniods and anthocyanins were not found in cambuci pulps. Also, there were low values of the others researched compounds in cambuci pulps. The phenolic compound majorly found in the uvaia pulp was the gallic acid, in the feijoa was the ellagic and quinic acids, in cambuci was the quinic acid, in the grumixama was the ellagic acid and quercetin, and in the cereja do rio grande was the quinic acid and the rutin. Although the gamma radiation revealed to be an efficient conservation method and may be used without prejudice of bioactive compounds, based on the conditions researched, the doses between 2 and 6 kGy were not effective to prevent losses of bioactive compounds of interest in the cold storage period, presenting lower results in relation to the pasteurization treatment as anthocyanins, total of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity measured by ABTS and DPPH
 
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Publishing Date
2015-10-27
 
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