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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.64.2004.tde-24082004-105153
Document
Author
Full name
Sylvia Dias Guzzo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Mui, Tsai Siu (President)
Colombo, Carlos Augusto
Harakava, Ricardo
Pascholati, Sergio Florentino
Vieira, Luiz Gonzaga Esteves
Title in Portuguese
"Aspectos bioquímicos e moleculares da resistência sistêmica adquirida em cafeeiro contra Hemileia vastatrix"
Keywords in Portuguese
biologia molecular vegetal
DNA complementar
interação planta-patógeno
mecanismos de defesa vegetal
Abstract in Portuguese

Com o propósito de contribuir para o esclarecimento dos mecanismos bioquímicos e moleculares envolvidos na resistência sistêmica adquirida (SAR) em plantas suscetíveis contra fitopatógenos, foram conduzidos estudos na interação Coffea arabica-Hemileia vastatrix.

A indução de atividade de quitinases e b-1,3-glucanases e o envolvimento dessas enzimas na resistência sistêmica adquirida contra H. vastatrix foram avaliados em cafeeiro suscetível cultivar Mundo Novo (MN) após o tratamento com acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (200 mg de i.a./mL). O produto induziu aumento local e sistêmico das atividades de quitinases e b-1,3-glucanases nos tecidos foliares, a partir do primeiro e segundo dia da aplicação do indutor, respectivamente. As atividades enzimáticas atingiram níveis máximos de aumento nas plantas tratadas em relação ao controle, sete dias após a aplicação do ASM. Resistências local e sistêmica ao patógeno foram induzidas a partir do primeiro dia após o tratamento com ASM. A proteção e atividades enzimáticas foram detectadas até 35 dias, após aplicação do indutor. A indução de resistência local contra a ferrugem atingiu um nível máximo de 87% entre 7 e 14 dias. Níveis máximos de proteção sistêmica de 53 a 68% foram observados entre 2 e 21 dias após o tratamento de cafeeiro com o indutor. Neste intervalo de tempo foi observado, também, um aumento sistêmico máximo de atividade enzimática. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento de atividade dessas hidrolases está relacionado com a resistência local e sistêmica, induzida por ASM, em cafeeiro MN contra a ferrugem.

Genes relacionados à SAR foram identificados em cafeeiro através de hibridização subtrativa por supressão (HSS), a partir de mRNAs isolados de plantas suscetíveis cv. MN, 72 h após o tratamento com ASM (200 mg i.a./mL). Os mecanismos de respostas de defesa associados à SAR ativada em MN foram comparados, através do isolamento de genes por HSS, com a resistência raça-cultivar específica observada no cafeeiro resistente Híbrido de Timor (HT), 72 h após a inoculação com H. vastatrix. Através da HSS, produziram-se duas bibliotecas de cDNAs subtraídas, enriquecidas de fragmentos de genes induzidos em MN pelo ASM (MN-ASM) ou ativados em HT pelo patógeno (HT-Hv). Os genes encontrados estão envolvidos em diversos processos relacionados à resistência contra fitopatógenos como: formação de espécies de oxigênio reativas, resposta de hipersensibilidade, morte celular programada, síntese e transporte de metabólitos antimicrobianos, percepção e transdução de sinal, síntese de proteínas relacionadas à patogênese, metabolismo de lipídeos e degradação controlada de proteínas. Foi identificado em HT-Hv um número maior de genes implicados em mecanismos de defesa (22%), do que em MN-ASM (16%). Na interação HT-Hv foi detectado um número maior de genes implicados na percepção e transdução de sinal (44%), do que em MN-ASM (30%). Entretanto, o número de genes codificadores de proteínas antimicrobianas foi maior no MN com resistência induzida (22%), do que no cafeeiro resistente HT inoculado com o patógeno (6%). Foram isolados de HT-Hv e MN-ASM, genes codificadores de b-1,3-glucanases e as seqüências completas puderam ser determinadas através da técnica RACE. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a resistência em HT-Hv e MN-ASM ocorre através de mecanismos distintos.

Title in English
Biochemical and molecular aspects of systemic acquired resistance in coffee plants against Hemileia vastatrix
Keywords in English
complementary DNA
mechanisms of plant defense
plant molecular biology
plant-pathogen interaction
Abstract in English

Studies on the interaction Coffea arabica-Hemileia vastatrix were performed in order to contribute to the elucidation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) developed in susceptible plants against pathogens.

Induction of chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase activities and their involvement in systemic acquired resistance against H. vastatrix were evaluated in susceptible coffee plants cultivar "Mundo Novo" (MN) after treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) (200 mg a.i./mL). The product induced local and systemic increases in chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase activities in leaf tissues, starting from the first and second days after inducer application, respectively. The increases in enzymatic activity reached their maximum levels in treated plants compared to control seven days after application of ASM. Induction of local and systemic resistance against pathogen was detected one day after ASM treatment. Protection and increases in enzyme activities were detected up to 35 days after product application. Induction of local resistance against coffee leaf rust reached a highest level of 87% between 7 and 14 days. Highest levels of systemic protection ranging from 53% to 68% were observed in coffee plants between 2 and 21 days after inducer treatment. During the same time frame maximum increases in systemic enzymatic activity were also observed. Results suggest that the increases in these hydrolase activities were correlated with the local and systemic resistance induced by ASM in coffee plants against coffee leaf rust.

Genes related to SAR were identified in coffee plants by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), from mRNA isolated from susceptible plants cv. MN 72 h after treatment with ASM (200 mg a.i./mL). The mechanisms of defense responses associated with SAR activated in MN were compared through the isolation of genes by SSH, with the race-specific resistance observed in the resistant coffee plant "Híbrido de Timor" (HT) 72 h after the inoculation with H. vastatrix. By SSH technique two subtracted cDNA libraries were constructed enriched for gene fragments induced in MN by ASM (MN-ASM) or activated in HT by pathogen infection (HT-Hv). The isolated genes were involved in different processes related to resistance against pathogens, such as: production of active oxygen species, hypersensitive response, programmed cell death, synthesis and transport of antimicrobial metabolites, signal perception and transduction, synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins, lipid metabolism and selective degradation of proteins. It was identified in HT-Hv a higher number of defense-related genes (22 %) than in MN-ASM (16 %). The incompatible interaction HT-Hv showed a higher number of genes implicated in the signal perception and transduction (44 %) than MN-ASM (30 %). However, the number of genes encoding antimicrobial proteins was higher in the susceptible cultivar MN with induced resistance (22 %) than in the resistant coffee plant HT inoculated with the incompatible pathogen (6 %). Genes encoding b-1,3-glucanases were isolated from HT-Hv and MN-ASM and their complete sequences could be obtained by RACE procedure. Results suggest that distinct recognition events and defense pathways are involved in the expression of resistance in HT-Hv and MN-ASM.

 
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Publishing Date
2004-09-15
 
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