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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.60.2012.tde-01112012-155742
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Elvira Poleti Martucci
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Lopes, Norberto Peporine (President)
Ambrosio, Sérgio Ricardo
Zarbin, Paulo Henrique Gorgatti
Title in Portuguese
Análise da interação ecoquímica entre a lagarta-do-girassol Chlosyne lacinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) e as Asteraceae Tithonia diversifolia e Vernonia polyanthes utilizando cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas
Keywords in Portuguese
Asteraceae
Interação planta-inseto
Lepidoptera
Abstract in Portuguese
A lagarta da borboleta Chlosyne lacinia utiliza como plantas hospedeiras quase exclusivamente espécies da família Asteraceae, tais como Vernonia sp e Tithonia diversifolia. V. polyanthes e T. diversifolia apresentam lactonas sesquiterpênicas (LST) em sua constituição química foliar, as quais, entre outras atividades biológicas, podem ser deterrentes e tóxicas para lepidópteras. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar se os metabólitos secundários das Asteraceae V. polyanthes e T. diversifolia são metabolizados, excretados intactos e/ou sequestrados durante a fase larval de C. lacinia, e se são conservados pelo adulto, elucidando, assim, parte da interação ecoquímica da lagarta-do-girassol com Asteraceae. Os extratos das folhas de V. polyanthes e T. diversifolia permitiram a identificação de 22 substâncias entre ácidos clorogênicos, flavonoides e LST. As folhas de V. polyanthes apresentaram 12 destas substâncias, sendo estas, ácidos clorogênicos, flavonoides glicuronizados e LST do subtipo hirsutinolido. Já as folhas de T. diversifolia apresentaram 13 das 22 substâncias, tais como ácidos clorogênicos e LST dos subtipos furanoeliangolido e heliangolido. As lagartas de C. lacinia cultivadas em T. diversifolia se desenvolveram até o quarto estágio completando a metamorfose para a fase adulta, enquanto que as lagartas cultivadas em V. polyanthes se desenvolveram apenas até o segundo estágio. Além disso, o peso médio das lagartas no segundo estágio larval dos três cultivos feitos com T. diversifolia foi estatisticamente maior do que o peso médio das lagartas no mesmo estágio dos três cultivos feitos com V. polyanthes. Assim provavelmente, a diferença na composição química das duas plantas pode ter sido responsável pela diferença na performance de C. lacinia. Além disso, as lagartas no terceiro e no quarto estágios, alimentadas com T. diversifolia, acumularam metabólitos secundários ingeridos a partir das folhas, principalmente LST. Em relação à excreção, as lagartas tratadas com T. diversifolia foram capazes de excretar alguns metabólitos sob a forma inalterada em todos os estágios larvais, já as lagartas tratadas com V. polyanthes excretaram apenas flavonoides glicuronizados sob a forma inalterada e duas flavonas. Enquanto que as lagartas do segundo estágio cultivadas em V. polyanthes, apresentaram acúmulo apenas do flavonoide apigenina-7-O-glicuronil e do ácido 3-O-E-cafeoilquínico hidroxilado. Sugere-se que a presença de flavonoides glicuronizados e LST do subtipo hirsutinolido em V. polyanthes justifica, ao menos parcialmente, o desenvolvimento deficiente e a morte de C. lacinia quando cultivada com esta planta. Por outro lado, a presença de LST dos subtipos furanoeliangolido e heliangolido nas folhas de T. diversifolia podem ser favoráveis ao desenvolvimento completo deste herbívoro na presença desta planta.
Title in English
Analysis of the ecochemical interaction between the sunflower caterpillar Chlosyne lacinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and the Asteraceae Tithonia diversifolia and Vernonia polyanthes using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
Keywords in English
Asteraceae
Lepidoptera
plant-insect interaction
Abstract in English
The caterpillar of Chlosyne lacinia uses almost exclusively Asteraceae species as host plant, such as Vernonia sp and Tithonia diversifolia. V. polyanthes and T. diversifolia show sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in their chemistry composition. STL have biological activities and also can be feeding deterrents and toxics for Lepidoptera. The aims of this study were to investigate whether secondary metabolites of the Asteraceae V. polyanthes and T. diversifolia are metabolized, excreted intact and/or sequestered during larval stage of C. lacinia, and if they are retained by adult, thus explaining a part of the ecochemical interaction between sunflower caterpillar and Asteraceae. The extracts of leaves of V. polyanthes e T. diversifolia allowed the identification of 22 substances among chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and STL. The leaves of V. polyanthes presented 12 of these substances, which were chlorogenic acids, flavonoids glucuronides and STL of hirsutinolide subtype, whereas the leaves of T. diversifolia had 13 of these substances, such as chlorogenic acids and STL of furanoeliangolido and heliangolido subtypes. The caterpillars of C. lacinia cultivated with T. diversifolia developed up to the fourth stage, completing the metamorphosis into adult stage, while the caterpillars cultivated with V. polyanthes developed only until to the second stage. Moreover the average weight of caterpillars in the second stage of three replicates made with T. diversifolia was statistically higher than the average weight of caterpillars at the same stage of the three replicates made with V. polyanthes. The difference in chemical composition of the two plants may has been responsible for the difference in the performance of C. lacinia crops. Also, the caterpillars in the third and fourth stages cultivated with T. diversifolia accumulated secondary metabolites taken from these leaves, mainly STL. Regarding the excretion, caterpillars in all stages fed with T. diversifolia were able to excrete unchanged metabolites, while caterpillars fed with V. polyanthes excreted only unchanged flavonoids glucuronide and the respective aglicones. In the other hand, the caterpillars in the second stage cultivated in V. polyanthes showed that there was only accumulation of apigenin-7-O-glucuronyl and 3-hydroxy-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid. It is suggested that the presence of flavonoids glucuronides and STL of hirsutinolide subtype in V. polyanthes, justify, at least partially, defective development and deaths of C. lacinia cultivated with this plant. While the presence of STL of furanoheliangolide and heliangolide subtypes in T. diversifolia may be favorable to the full development of this herbivore in the presence of this plant.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-11-12
 
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