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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.60.2007.tde-20052008-104142
Document
Author
Full name
Fabiano Henrique Mateus
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Lanchote, Vera Lucia (President)
Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa
Guimaraes, Luiz Fernando Lopes
Issy, Adriana Machado
Lepera, Jose Salvador
Title in Portuguese
Influência de solventes na disposição cinética e no metabolismo enantiosseletivos do verapamil em ratos
Keywords in Portuguese
câmara de exposição
enantiômeros
farmacocinética.
n-hexano
norverapamil
ratos
tolueno
verapamil
Abstract in Portuguese
O verapamil (VER) é um composto quiral comercializado como mistura racêmica dos enantiômeros (+)-(R)-VER e (-)-(S)-VER. O VER é biotransformado em norverapamil (NOR) e em outros metabólitos por vias dependentes do CYP. O tolueno e o n-hexano são solventes orgânicos que podem alterar o metabolismo de medicamentos dependente do CYP. Assim, o estudo investiga a estereosseletividade na farmacocinética do verapamil administrado a ratos na dose de 10 mg kg-1, sob forma racêmica, e do seu metabólito, norverapamil, bem como a influência do n-hexano e do tolueno na disposição cinética dos enantiômeros (+)-(R) e (-)-(S)-VER e (R)- e (S)-norverapamil em animais tratados com os solventes por inalação em câmara de exposição do tipo nose only nas concentrações de 88, 176 e 352 mg/m3 para o n-hexano e 94, 188 e 376 mg/m3 para o tolueno. Os enantiômeros do VER e do NOR foram separados na coluna de fase quiral Chiralpak® AD e analisados por LC-MS/MS (m/z = 441,3->165,5 para os enantiômeros do norverapamil e m/z 455,3->165,5 para os enantiômeros do verapamil). A análise farmacocinética foi realizada com base no modelo monocompartimental. A farmacocinética do verapamil é estereosseletiva em ratos do grupo controle não tratado com os solventes com acúmulo plasmático do eutômero (-)-(S)-VER (AUC0-? = 250,8 vs 120,4 ng mL-1 h; P<=0,05, teste de Wilcoxon). O metabólito (S)-NOR também foi acumulado no plasma dos animais do grupo controle com razão S/R relativa ao parâmetro AUC0-? de 1,5. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos AUC0-?, Cl/F, Vd/F e t1/2 relativos aos enantiômeros (-)-S e (+)-(R)-VER e aos enantiômeros (S) e (R)-NOR não foram alterados pela exposição em câmara de exposição do tipo nose only ao n-hexano nas concentrações de 88, 176 e 352 mg/m3 e ao tolueno nas concentrações de 94, 188 e 376 mg/m3; teste de Kruskall-Wallis; P<=0,05. No entanto, a exposição ao n-hexano nas concentrações de 176 mg/m3 e 352 mg/m3 e ao tolueno nas concentrações de 94 mg/m3, 188 mg/m3 e 376 mg/m3 resultou em perda da enantiosseletividade observada para o grupo controle.
Title in English
Influence of solvents on the kinetic disposition and enantioselective metabolism of verapamil in rats
Keywords in English
enantiomers
exposure chamber
n-hexane
norverapamil
pharmacokinetics
rats
toluene
verapamil
Abstract in English
Verapamil (VER) is a chiral compound which is commercialized as a racemic mixture of the (+)-(R)-VER and (-)-(S)-VER enantiomers. VER is biotransformed into norverapamil (NOR) and other metabolites through CYP-dependent pathways. Toluene and n-hexane are organic solvents that can alter the metabolism of CYP-dependent drugs. The present study investigated the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of racemic VER administered to rats at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 and of its metabolite NOR. In addition, the influence of n-hexane and toluene on the kinetic disposition of the (+)-(R) and (-)-(S)-VER and (R)- and (S)-NOR enantiomers was analyzed in animals exposed by nose-only inhalation to n-hexane at concentrations of 88, 176 and 352 mg/m3 and to toluene at concentrations of 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3. The VER and NOR enantiomers were separated on a Chiralpak® AD chiral phase column and analyzed by LC-MS/MS (m/z = 441.3->165.5 for the NOR enantiomers and m/z 455.3->165.5 for the VER enantiomers). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a monocompartmental model. The pharmacokinetics of VER was stereoselective in control rats not treated with the solvents, with plasma accumulation of the (-)-(S)-VER eutomer (AUC0-? = 250.8 vs 120.4 ng mL-1 h; P<=0.05, Wilcoxon test). The (S)-NOR metabolite was also found to accumulate in plasma of control animals, with an S/R AUC0-? ratio of 1.5. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-?, Cl/F, Vd/F and t1/2 obtained for the (-)-S-VER, (+)-(R)-VER, (S)-NOR and (R)-NOR enantiomers were not altered by nose-only exposure to n-hexane at concentrations of 88, 176 and 352 mg/m3 or to toluene at concentrations of 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3 (P<=0.05), Kruskal-Wallis test). However, exposure to 176 and 352 mg/m3 n-hexane and to 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3 toluene resulted in the loss of enantioselectivity observed for the control group.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-06-09
 
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