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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.60.2020.tde-19122019-084928
Document
Author
Full name
Willian Róbert Gomes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Barcelos, Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron (President)
Savazzi, Eduardo Angelino
Dorta, Daniel Junqueira
Gerlach, Raquel Fernanda
Title in Portuguese
Exposição ocupacional ao chumbo (Pb): efeitos sobre o estado redox celular e a influência de polimorfismos genéticos sobre a toxicocinética do metal
Keywords in Portuguese
Metais
Toxicidade
Toxicocinética
Variabilidade genética
Abstract in Portuguese
O chumbo (Pb) é um metal tóxico encontrado no ambiente e amplamente utilizado em diversos setores industriais, como na produção de baterias Pb-ácidas. Pode causar uma variedade de efeitos adversos à saúde humana, como distúrbios gastrointestinais, renais, neurológicos e hematopoiéticos, e estresse oxidativo. A toxicidade induzida pelo Pb é modulada por diversas proteínas e enzimas, além de sistemas antioxidantes e, neste sentido, é presumível que alterações genéticas possam influenciar na toxicocinética do metal no organismo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de polimorfismos (SNPs) em genes relacionados à toxicocinética do Pb (ALAD, GPx1, GSR, GSS, GSTP1, HFE, SLC11A1, SLC11A2 e VDR) sobre as concentrações do metal no sangue (Pb-s), plasma (Pb-p) e urina (Pb-u) e sobre biomarcadores do estado redox, isto é, glutationa reduzida (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa S-transferase (GST) e 8-hidroxi-2'-deoxiguanosina urinária (8-OHdG). 236 trabalhadores de fábricas de baterias automotivas e 40 indivíduos não-expostos ocupacionalmente ao Pb foram incluídos no estudo. As concentrações de Pb foram determinadas por espectrometria de massas com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS) e as genotipagens realizadas através do método TaqMan, por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em Tempo Real. As atividades das enzimas sanguíneas foram avaliadas por espectrofotometria e as concentrações de 8-OHdG foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas em tandem (LC-MS/MS). As médias ± desvios padrão de Pb-s, Pb-p e Pb-u no grupo exposto foram de 21 ± 12 ?g/dL, 0,60 ± 0,71 ?g/dL e 37 ± 42 ?g/g creatinina, respectivamente. No grupo não-exposto, os valores foram de 1,2 ± 1,2 ?g/dL, 0,048 ± 0,053 ?g/dL e 0,52 ± 0,48 ?g/g creatinina, respectivamente (p < 0,0010). O grupo exposto também apresentou maiores concentrações de GSH e GPx e menores concentrações de CAT e 8-OHdG em comparação ao grupo não-exposto(p < 0,0010). Correlações Spearman e análises de regressão multivariadas apontaram para associações entre Pb-s, Pb-p e 8-OHdG urinária. Um dos polimorfismos em HFE (rs1799945) foi associado positivamente a Pb-p (? = 0,15; p = 0,050). Indivíduos carreadores do alelo polimórfico do SNP rs1800562, também em HFE, apresentaram aumento da atividade de GPx e diminuição da concentração sanguínea de GSH. A atividade de GPx ainda foi positivamente associada ao SNP rs2228570, em VDR, e a variação alélica A>G em GSTP1 (rs1695), foi correlacionada à diminuição da atividade de GST. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que diferentes polimorfismos podem influenciar a toxicocinética do Pb e as concentrações de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em indivíduos expostos cronicamente ao metal
Title in English
Occupational exposure to lead (Pb): effects on the cellular redox status and the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the metal toxicokinectics
Keywords in English
Genetic variability
Metals
Toxicity
Toxicokinectics
Abstract in English
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal found in the environment and widely used in several industry sectors, such as the manufacturing of Pb-acid batteries. It may cause a number of adverse effects to human health, such as gastrointestinal, renal, neurological and hematopoietic disorders and oxidative stress. Pb-induced toxicity is modulated by several proteins, enzymes and antioxidant systems and, thus, it is presumed that genetic variations may influence the toxicokinectics of the metal in the body. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to Pb toxicokinectics (ALAD, GPx1, GSR, GSS, GSTP1, HFE, SLC11A1, SLC11A2 and VDR) on the metal concentrations in blood (Pb-b), plasma (Pb-p) and urine (Pb-u) and also on biomarkers of the redox status, i.e., glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). 236 workers from automotive battery factories and 40 individuals non-occupationally exposed to Pb were enrolled in the study. Pb concentrations in the three biomarkers were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and genotyping was performed using the TaqMan method through the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Enzyme activity was assessed through spectrophotometry and 8-OHdG was quantified through liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean values ± standard deviations of Pb-b, Pb-p and Pb-u for the exposed group were 21 ± 12 ?g/dL, 0.60 ± 0.71 ?g/dL and 37 ± 42 ?g/g creatinine, respectively. For the unexposed group, the levels were of 1.2 ± 1.2 ?g/dL, 0.048 ± 0.053 ?g/dL and 0.52 ± 0.48 ?g/g creatinine, respectively (p < 0.0010). The exposed group also showed higher levels of GSH and GPx, and lower levels of CAT and 8-OHdG, when compared to the unexposed group (p < 0.0010). Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regressions showed associations between urinary 8-OHdG, Pb-b and Pb-p. One of the HFE polymorphisms (rs1799945) was positively associated to Pb-p (? = 0.15; p = 0.050). Carriers of the polymorphic allele for the HFE rs1800562 SNP showed an increase in the activity of GPx and a decrease of the blood levels of GSH. GPx activity was also positively associated to the SNP rs2228570, in VDR, and the A>G allelic variation on GSTP1 (rs1695) was correlated to a lowered GST activity. The results demonstrate that different polymorphisms may play a role on Pb toxicokinectics and on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in workers chronically exposed to the metal
 
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Publishing Date
2020-02-28
 
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