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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.60.2014.tde-17042015-152434
Document
Author
Full name
Tássia Rafaella Costa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Vilela, Suely (President)
Ávila, Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues
Pietro, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues
Santos, Antonio Cardozo dos
Frantz, Fabiani Gai
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização funcional e estudo dos mecanismos de resposta ao dano celular causado por uma L-aminoácido oxidase de Calloselasma rhodostoma em linhagens celulares humanas
Keywords in Portuguese
Apoptose
Atividade antiparasitária
Bactericida
Calloselasma rhodostoma
Expressão gênica
Inflamação
L-aminoácido oxidase
Abstract in Portuguese
As L-aminoácido oxidases (LAAOs) isoladas de peçonhas de serpentes são alvos de um grande número de pesquisas devido às suas inúmeras ações biológicas e farmacológicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar funcionalmente a Laminoácido oxidase da peçonha de Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) por meio das atividades: bactericida, fungicida, leishmanicida, tripanomicida, citotóxica, inflamatória e análise da expressão de genes e proteínas apoptóticas. A CR-LAAO mostrou-se altamente citotóxica sobre as células tumorais HepG2 e HL-60, promovendo cerca de 80% de morte celular na maior concentração testada (100 ?g/mL) e apresentou baixa toxicidade sobre células PBMC. Foi possível observar que a proteína induziu apoptose (AV+) em PBMC. Em HepG2, as menores concentrações (0,1-2,5 ?g/mL) causaram apoptose (AV+), e as maiores (5-100 ?g/mL) causaram apoptose/necrose (PI+/AV+). Em HL-60, as concentrações testadas (0,1-100 ?g/mL) induziram apoptose/necrose (PI+/AV+). A expressão do gene FAS e ativação das caspases 8 e 3 determinou a ativação da via extrínseca da apoptose na linhagem HL-60. A CR-LAAO promoveu algumas alterações na modulação do ciclo celular, sendo que nas linhagens tumorais os atrasos se concentraram nas fases G0/G1 e S do ciclo celular. Ademais, a CR-LAAO mostrouse bactericida contra as cepas S. aureus e E. coli, com maior especificidade para a cepa gram-positiva (S. aureus). Em análises de microscopia de transmissão, foi possível observar um desmantelamento da parede celular bacteriana. Após 6h de pré-incubação com C. albicans, a CR-LAAO foi capaz de inibir 80% do crescimento da levedura. A CR-LAAO mostrou-se também um bom agente leishmanicida contra as espécies L. infantum chagasi (IC50=16,66 ?g/mL) e L. braziliensis (IC50=24,47 ?g/mL) e inibiu o crescimento da forma promastigota do Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50=196,8 ?g/mL). Testes in vivo revelaram que a CR-LAAO promoveu inflamação local aguda, recrutando células inflamatórias como neutrófilos e induzindo a formação de citocinas (IL-6 e IL-1?) e mediadores lipídicos (LTB4 e PGE2). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a CR-LAAO apresenta potencial biotecnológico evidente, com efeitos antiparasitários, fungicida, bactericida, bem como atividade antitumoral in vitro. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos para a CR-LAAO fornecem subsídios importantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas de ação direcionada, como quimioterápicos e antimicrobianos mais eficazes.
Title in English
Functional characterization and study of the mechanisms of response to the cellular damage caused by an L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma in human cell lines
Keywords in English
Antiparasite activity
Apoptosis
Bactericide
Calloselasma rhodostoma
Gene expression
Inflammation
L-amino acid oxidase
Abstract in English
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) isolated from snake venoms are targets of a large number of researches due to their numerous biological and pharmacological actions. The objective of this study was to functionally characterize the L-amino acid oxidase from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) through the activities: bactericidal, fungicidal, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, cytotoxic, inflammatory and analysis of gene expression and apoptotic proteins. CR-LAAO showed high cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HL-60 tumor cells, inducing about 80% cell death at the highest concentration tested (100 ?g/mL) and showing low toxicity in PBMC cells. It was observed that the protein induced apoptosis (AV+) in PBMC. In HepG2, lower concentrations (0.1-2.5 ?g/mL) caused apoptosis (AV+), while major concentrations (5-100 ?g/mL) caused apoptosis/necrosis (PI+/AV+). In HL-60, the concentrations tested (0.1-100 ?g/mL) induced apoptosis/necrosis (PI+/AV+). The FAS gene expression and activation of caspases 8 and 3 determined the activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. CR- LAAO promoted some changes in the modulation of the cell cycle, and delays in tumor cell lines were concentrated in G0/G1 and S cell cycle phases. In addition, CR-LAAO proved to be bactericidal against S. aureus and E. coli strains, with higher specificity for Gram-positive strains (S. aureus). In analyses of transmission electron microscopy, it was possible to observe a dismantling of the bacterial cell wall. After 6 hours of preincubation with C. albicans, CR-LAAO was able to inhibit 80% of growth of yeast. CR-LAAO also showed antiparasite potential against species L. chagasi infantum (IC50 = 16.66 ?g/mL) and L. braziliensis (IC50 = 24.47 ?g/mL) and inhibited the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi promastigote form (IC50 = 196.8 ?g/mL). In vivo tests revealed that CR-LAAO promotes acute local inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells as neutrophils and by inducing the production of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1?) and lipid mediators (PGE2 and LTB4). The results suggest that CR-LAAO presents evident biotechnological potential, with antiparasite, fungicidal, bactericidal and antitumor effects in vitro. Thus, the results obtained for CR-LAAO provide important information for the development of therapeutic strategies with directed action, such as more effective chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial agents.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-04-22
 
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