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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2020.tde-16042020-115556
Document
Author
Full name
Gustavo Alonso Cabrera Arana
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1999
Supervisor
Committee
Candeias, Nelly Martins Ferreira (President)
Carmagnani, Maria Isabel Sampaio
Laranjeira, Ronaldo Ramos
Rocha, Aristides Almeida
Stewien, Glacilda Telles de Menezes
Title in Portuguese
Transteoria e análise estratégica no controle local do tabagismo, Zarzal, Colômbia, 1999
Keywords in Portuguese
Estágios de Mudança
MAEPS
Modelo Transteórico
Promoção da Saúde
Tabagismo
Abstract in Portuguese
O consumo de tabaco é uma escolha comportamental globalmente disseminada cujos riscos e efeitos na saúde têm sido largamente demonstrados. No controle global, regional, nacional e local do tabagismo, teorias e modelos do comportamento individual, organizacional, comunitário e social têm sido incorporados nas intervenções. Objetivo Aplicar os modelos Transteórico dos Estágios de Mudança-MT e de Análise Estratégica em Promoção da Saúde-MAEPS da OMS, para orientar um levantamento de dados e o planejamento de uma intervenção de controle local do tabagismo. O MT foi proposto em 1979 por James Prochaska para explicar a mudança comportamental de dependentes químicos e adictos ao cigarro; hoje é usado para explicar mudanças individuais, em relação aos comportamentos com efeitos na saúde, segundo cinco variáveis: estágios e processos de mudança, tentação, balanço decisório e auto-eficácia. O MAEPS/OMS é uma matriz instrumental produto das discussões técnicas da III Conferência Internacional de Promoção da Saúde, Sundsvall Suécia, 1991; sintetiza as estratégias discutidas com vistas a se criar ambientes favoráveis, de suporte à saúde: políticas públicas, regulamentação, reorientação organizacional, advocacia, mediação, facilitação da mudança, empoderamento e mobilização comunitária. Método Mediante inquérito domiciliar probabilístico, foi realizado levantamento de dados com 138 residentes urbanos do município de Zarzal-Colômbia, experientes no consumo regular de cigarro. Foram estudadas as variáveis gênero, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, iniciação, consolidação, duração e freqüência do consumo. Com base no MT, classificou-se à amostra populacional segundo estágios de mudança e caracterizou-se o histórico e freqüência de recaídas e tentação para fumar, o balanço decisório e a auto-eficácia para abandonar o cigarro. Resultados O 42% dos participantes foram pre-contempladores, 50 % contempladores, 1 % preparavam-se para mudar, 2 % foram classificados no estágio de ação e 5 % no de manutenção da condição de ex-fumante. O nível de escolaridade e a tentativa de abandono do cigarro nos últimos doze meses foram as variáveis associadas à intenção atual de mudança no consumo. O forte desejo de fumar (44 %), as rotinas do grupo social (26 %) e o stress (19) foram as causas mais frequentes de recaída no consumo. Levando em conta o levantamento de dados e subsídios conceituais orientadores do uso do MAEPS/OMS, planejou-se uma proposta multi-estratégica de intervenção para o controle local do tabagismo.
Title in English
Not available
Keywords in English
Health Promotion
HELPSAM
Smoking
Stages of Change
Transtheoretical Model
Abstract in English
Smoking is a worldwide choice spreaded whose risks and effects in health have been showed. In Zarzal, Columbia, one of the main causes of death and lost of healthy life of population is the smoking habit. In a global, national, regional and local of smoking epidemy control, theories and models of individual behavior and organizational, communitary and social changes have been applied to support many interventions. The axis of health promotion, nowadays, are multi-strategics approaches, participatory interventions, focused in people and, principally, supported in theories and models. Therefore, in this work, two models where used: the Transtheoretical to guide a survey and the Health Promotion Strategy Analisys Model-HELPSAM, to plain a local smoking control proposal. The first Transtheoretical model version was proposed by James Prochaska in 1979 to explain the chemical dependents and smokers behavior changes. Nowdays this model explain individual changes in relation to behavior with effects in health, according to five constructs or variables: stages and processes of change, temptation, decisional balance and self-efficacy. The empiric validation of model by several groups of North American researches and in some european countries is a basis to showed as the most important theorethical and conceptual innovation in relation to several behaviors and health and to plain some health promotion interventions. The HELPSAM/WHO is a product of technical discussions at III Intemational Conference in Health Promotion, held in Sundsvall-Sweden, 1991; is indicated to strategic planning in health promotion interventions at local, national or global level. Summarize strategies reviewed in Sundsvall to create supporting environments to health: public policy, regulation, organizational reorientation, advocacy, mediation, helping people change, empowerment and community mobilization. Empirical contrastation of HELPSAM/WHO has been made and disseminated principally in Europe. The survey was made based on a probabilistic domiciliar sample with 138 urbans inhabitants with expierence in regular somking. Gender, age, marital status, study, initiation, consolidation, frequency and duration of smoking was studied in sample people. Based on the Transtheoretical model, the population interviewed was classified according to stage of change; also was characterized in this sample the history and frequency in smoking relapse, the temptation to smoking, the decisional balance and self-efficacy to stop of smoke. Base on data and following orientations to use HELPSAM/WHO, a multi-strategicallocal plain to smoking control intervention was proposed.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-04-16
 
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