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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2014.tde-14052014-155858
Document
Author
Full name
Miriam Lopes da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Matte, Maria Helena (President)
Culloch, John Anthony Mc
Gales, Ana Cristina
Hachich, Elayse Maria
Sato, Maria Inês Zanoli
Title in Portuguese
Detecção e caracterização de elementos conjugativos integrativos em bactérias isoladas de amostras ambientais
Keywords in Portuguese
Elemento SXT
Elementos Genéticos Móveis
Resistência a Antibióticos
Saúde Pública
Abstract in Portuguese
O reconhecimento da resistência antimicrobiana como um fenômeno emergente em saúde pública, tem constituído um problema em nível mundial. O abuso na utilização de antibióticos na medicina humana e veterinária, e na agricultura, tem originado incremento na diversidade de micro-organismos resistentes, refletindo em falha terapêutica. Os mecanismos de resistência a antibióticos em micro-organismos são mediados principalmente por genes adquiridos de DNA exógeno. A dinâmica da transferência horizontal é realizada por meio de elementos genéticos móveis que carregam genes de resistência. A ampla distribuição deste tipo de estruturas, como o elemento SXT, isolado inicialmente em V. cholerae, tem contribuído para a disseminação de complexos específicos clonais em determinadas áreas geográficas. Este estudo pioneiro no Brasil pesquisou a presença de elementos SXT, em espécies bacterianas do grupo das gama proteobactérias em espécies ambientais, determinou suas características estruturais e funcionais, incluindo genes de resistência a antibióticos, bem como a sensibilidade aos antibióticos dentre os isolados bacterianos que os abrigam. O resultado foi a classificação de 43 elementos SXT obtidos no Brasil, através da comparação com aqueles descritos na literatura. Dentre os elementos SXT obtidos, quatro são albergados por Morganella morganii, fato inédito na literatura. O conhecimento da evolução bacteriana constitui importante ferramenta para estabelecer estratégias eficazes de controle e tratamento de infecções, sem aumentar a pressão seletiva sobre os micro-organismos, bem como instrumento preciso e de grande importância para subsidiar estudos epidemiológicos.
Title in English
Detection and characterization of integrative conjugative elements in bacteria isolated from environmental samples.
Keywords in English
Antibiotic Resistance
Mobile Genetic Elements
Public Health
SXT Element
Abstract in English
Recognition of antimicrobial resistance as an emerging phenomenon in public health has been a problem worldwide. The abuse in the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, and agriculture, has caused an increase in the diversity of resistant microorganisms, reflecting in treatment failure. The mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms are primarily mediated by genes acquired from exogenous DNA. The dynamics of the horizontal transfer is performed by mobile genetic elements which carry resistance genes. The wide distribution of these structures, such as the SXT element originally isolated from V. cholerae, has contributed to the spread of specific clonal complexes in certain geographical areas. This pioneering study in Brazil researched the presence of SXT elements in the group of bacterial species in environmental gamma-proteobacteria species, determined their structural and functional characteristics, including genes for resistance to antibiotics and the antibiotic susceptibility among bacterial isolates that harbor them. The result was the classification of 43 SXT elements found in Brazil, by comparison with those found in the literature. Among the SXT elements found, four are sheltered by Morganella morganii, unprecedented in the literature. Knowledge of bacterial evolution is an important to establish effective strategies to control and treat infections without increasing the selective pressure on microorganisms, as well as a precise instrument and very important tool to support epidemiological studies.
 
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MiriamLopes.pdf (4.37 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2014-06-03
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • SILVA, ML, Matté, M. H., and MATTÉ, GR. New variant of SXT element in Vibrio cholerae from environmental samples obtained in Brazil. In ASM2012 112th General Meeting, San Francisco, California, 2012. ASM2012 112th General Meeting Final Program., 2012. Abstract.
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