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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2020.tde-06042020-115919
Document
Author
Full name
Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Nitrini, Sandra Maria Ottati de Oliveira (President)
Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes
Cury, Arlete Emily
Giannini, Maria José Soares Mendes
Lacaz, Carlos da Silva
Title in Portuguese
Biótipos, cariótipos e perfis de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos de amostras seriadas de Candida albicans de pacientes com candidíase bucal associada à síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida
Keywords in Portuguese
Candidíase
Eletroforese
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a variação de subtipos e suscetibilidade a fármacos antifúngicos de amostras de Candida albicans isoladas de 25 pacientes com candidíase bucal associada à AIDS. Foram coletadas três amostras seriadas de cada paciente, sendo a primeira antes do tratamento, a segunda após o início da terapia com fármaco antifúngico e a terceira durante esta e após remissão clínica da lesão bucal. As 75 amostras, assim obtidas, foram submetidas à prova fenotípica de biotipagem de ODDS & ABBOTT (1980), morfotipagem e cariotipagem por eletroforese em campo pulsátil (CHEF-DR II, Bio-Rad, USA). O padrão de peso molecular de Sacharomyces cerevisiae foi usado como controle de qualidade da corrida eletroforética e para cálculo do peso molecular. O DNA das cepas foi contido em blocos de agarose para a eletroforese em gel. A corrida eletroforética ocorreu a 150 V e 13°C com intervalos de pulso de 120 s durante 24 h e a 240 s por 36 h. Após a corrida, as bandas de DNA contidos no gel foram coradas com brometo de etídio, fotografadas sob luz ultra-violeta e analisadas a "olho nú". Provas de suscetibilidade a fluconazol, cetoconazol, itraconazol c anfotericina B foram realizadas por técnica de microdiluição em caldo com todas as amostras. Para a prova foi utilizado meio RPMI com L-glutamina e inóculo final de 0,9-4,5 x 10 -4 cel. ml-1 padronizado em espectrofotômetro a 530 nm. Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) foi incluída como controle de qualidade dos testes. Estes foram realizados em placas de microtitulação e incubadas à 30°C por 24 horas. A leitura de IC 50 para os fármacos azólicos e IC100 para antotericina B foi feita em espectrofotômetro a 460 nm. A tipagem das amostras revelou 14 morfotipos, 13 biótipos de ODDS &ABBOTT e 11 cariótipos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentavam um só biótipo (68,0%) ou um só cariótipo (72,0%) nas três amostras analisadas. Todos os cariótipos apresentaram bandas de DNA entre 850 kb e 2200 kb e um deles, agrupando 8 (10,7 %) cepas, também mostrou bandas em 680 kb Os fármacos apresentaram boa atividade antifúngica in vitro contra as amostras estudadas, com valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para antotericina B situados entre 0,31 µg ml-1 a 2,50 µg ml-1. De 1 (4,0%) paciente foram isoladas cepas de mesmo cariótipo, consideradas resistentes in vitro para anfotericina B, desde que o CIM para o fármaco toi 2,5 µg ml-1 nas tres amostras analisadas. Para as 75 amostras o CIM de fluconazol situou-se entre =0,09 µg ml-1 e 12,5 µg ml-1, para cetoconazol entre =0,02 µg ml-1 e 0,62 µg ml-1 e para itraconazol entre =0,02 µg ml-1e 1,25 µg ml-1. Três (12,0%) pacientes apresentavam cepas resistentes in vitro ao fluconazol, sendo 2 (8,0 %) casos após terapia com fármacos azólicos (resistência adquirida) e l (4,0 %) com provável resistência natural ao medicamento. Para 2 (8,0 %) pacientes houve falta de correlação de resistência in vivo e in vitro ao tluconazol. Em I ( 4 %) paciente foi verificada também resistência in vitro para cetoconazol e itraconazol.
Title in English
Not available
Keywords in English
Not available
Abstract in English
The objective of this longitudinal study was to confirm strain biotyping, karyotyping and variation besides antifungal susceptibility patterns in 75 C. albicans isolates from 25 AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Three isolates were obtained from each patient. The first sample was taken before treatment, the second one was obtained during therapy course and the last one was taken after resolution of the lesion but undergoing therapy. All isolates were characterized by morphotyping and biotyping method (ODDS & ABBOTT, 1980) before the molecular kariotype analysis using PFGE. S.cerevisiae chromosome size markers were included in the gels as standards. Each gel was electrophoresed in a CHEF-DR II system with pulse intervals of 120 s for 24 h and 240 s for 36 h at 13°C 150 volts. Photographs of ethidium bromide-stained gels were examined visually and the electrophoretic karyotype (Ek) patterns were compared by examining each DNA band present. The susceptibilities of isolates to amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole were performed by using broth microdilution method with RPMI 1640 medium with 1-glutamina, and final inoculum of O.9-4.5x10 4 cel./ml (spectrophotometric method) C.parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) was included as quality control of drug activity. In 96-flat bottom well culture plates 10 antifungal concentrations were mixed with yeast suspension, and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. The turbidity in each well was measured at 460 nm with a microdilution plate reader. The MIC end points were defined for the azoles as reduction of 50% of the drug-free control value [IC50]. For amphotericin B the MIC end points were determined by IC 100. Biotyping showed 13 subtypes and DNA subtyping of the isolates revealed 11 different Eks. Eighteen (72.0 %) patients were infected with a single DNA subtype throughout the course of infection and 17 (68.0 %) patients harbored the same biotype. All Eks showed bands of 850 kb to 2200kb and only one subtype (8 strains)had an additional 680 kb-band. All the drugs showed good in vitro antifungal activity for the 75 isolates. The amphotcricin B MICs ranged trom 0.3 to µg ml. In 1 (4.0%) patient the 3 isolates had the same DNA pattern and showed relatively high amphotericin B MICs (2.5 µg/ml) suggesting a natural resistance to this drug. The fluconazole MICs for the 75 strains ranged from =0.09 to 12.5 µg/ml. For itraconazole and ketoconazole the MICs ranged from <0.02 to 1.25µg/ml and from <0.02 to 0.62µg/ml, respectively. Three (12.0%) patients harbored fluconazole resistant strains including 2 (8.0%) patients undergoing azole therapy (acquired resistance) and 1 (4.0%) patient with a probable intrinsic fluconazole-resistant strain. One fluconazole- resistant strain showed resistance to the other two azoles tested (ketoconazole and itraconazole). Of particular interest were 2 (8.0%) patients with clinicail but not in vitro resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-04-06
 
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