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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2007.tde-11042008-162645
Document
Author
Full name
Luana Caroline dos Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Martini, Ligia Araujo (President)
Castro, Marise Lazaretti
Fisberg, Mauro
Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros
Vivolo, Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos da perda de peso na massa óssea e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos pós-púberes
Keywords in Portuguese
Avaliação nutricional
Composição corporal
Conteúdo mineral ósseo
Densidade mineral óssea
Obesidade
Perda de peso
Abstract in Portuguese
A obesidade encontra-se associada a uma série de alterações metabólicas que podem elevar o risco de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Em contraste, o excesso de peso apresenta-se como um fator protetor para a ocorrência de fraturas e baixa densidade óssea. Considerando que a adolescência é um período crucial para aquisição da massa óssea e minimização do risco de osteoporose na maturidade e os efeitos da perda de peso sobre a massa óssea, neste estágio de vida, não são completamente elucidados, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido. Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da perda de peso sobre a massa óssea e as alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos pós-púberes. Realizou-se a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e um estudo longitudinal contemplando um período de 9 meses de intervenção baseada em dieta hipocalórica e orientações nutricionais. Foram incluídos 55 adolescentes pós-púberes, 43 meninas, com média de idade de 16,6 (1,4) anos, com índice de massa corporal por idade superior ao percentil 95. Os participantes foram monitorados a cada três semanas por meio de avaliação antropométrica (aferição do peso, estatura e circunferência) e do consumo alimentar (recordatório alimentar de 24 horas). Realizaram-se avaliações da composição corporal e da densidade mineral óssea de corpo total por meio da DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), do consumo alimentar (registro alimentar de 3 dias) e de parâmetros metabólicos (colesterol total e frações, tricilgliceróis, glicemia de jejum, insulina, leptina e grelina) no início do estudo, após 3 meses e ao fim da intervenção. Verificou-se que 44,4 por cento dos participantes não apresentavam redução do peso. O grupo que respondeu à intervenção apresentou média de perda de peso de 6,2 (4,6) por cento ao fim do estudo. Neste grupo, houve significativa redução do consumo energético, de 2105,4 (537,6) Kcal/dia na primeira avaliação para 1738,8 (608,4) Kcal/dia ao fim do estudo. Observou-se incremento da atividade física entre os participantes e melhora dos parâmetros metabólicos entre adolescentes que perderam peso.
Title in English
Weight loss metabolic effects on bone mass in post-pubertal adolescents
Keywords in English
Body composition
Bone mineral content
Bone mineral density
Nutritional evaluation
Obesity
Weight loss
Abstract in English
Obesity is associated with several metabolic changes that may increase the risk of chronic diseases. Body weight is recognized as a protective factor against fractures and lower bone density. Considering that adolescence is a crucial period for bone mass acquisition and osteoporosis risk reduction in maturity and the effects of weight loss on bone mass in this life stage are not completely elucidated, the present study was performed. The objective was to investigate the effects of weight loss as well the metabolic changes related to bone mass in post-puberal adolescents. Bibliographic review and a longitudinal study, with adolescents submitted to nutritional intervention based on hipocaloric diet and nutritional advice during 9 months, were realized. Fifty-five subjects, 43 girls, mean age of 16.6 (1.4) years, with body mass index by age superior than 95 percentile, were recruited. Subjects were monitored every three weeks with anthropometric (weight, height and circumferences) and dietary intake (24h food intake recall) evaluation. Body composition and total-body bone mineral density. (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), metabolic parameters (plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin and ghrelin concentrations) and dietary intake (3-day food records) were evaluated at the baseline, after 3-months and at the end of the study. Sixteen participants thatcompleted the study did not lost weight. The group that adhered to intervention nutritional had mean weight loss of 6.2 (4.6) %. In this group, there was a significant decrease in energy intake, from 2105.4 (537.6) Kcal/day to 1738.8 (608.4) Kcal/day. Physical activity pratice increased between participants and there were metabolic parameters improvement in adolescents who lose weight. In these subjects, hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance decreased, 7,9% and 27.2% (p<0.05) respectively, after 3 months of intervention. There was a significant increase of total bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescents did not lost weight. Increased BMC and bone area was verified in participants that adhered to intervention nutritional. Bone parameters changes were associated with body fat alterations. The increment in bone mineral density even under weight loss showed no negative effect of bone mass. Dietary intake change and weight control contributed to metabolic parameters improvement of obese adolescents.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-05-19
 
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