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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.6.2012.tde-07052012-123928
Document
Author
Full name
Luana Fiengo Tanaka
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Latorre, Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira (President)
Fisberg, Regina Mara
Segurado, Aluisio Augusto Cotrim
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids e seus fatores associados
Keywords in Portuguese
Adolescente
HIV
Índice de Qualidade da Dieta
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: a introdução de esquemas antirretrovirais altamente potentes, no tratamento da Aids pode estar associada ao aparecimento de alterações metabólicas em pacientes com HIV/Aids. Além da terapia antirretroviral, outros fatores, como a dieta podem contribuir para o aparecimento dessas alterações em adolescentes com HIV/Aids. Assim, faz-se necessária a avaliação da qualidade da dieta de indivíduos dessa população. OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de pacientes com HIV/Aids atendidos pela Unidade de Infectologia do Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo). Foram avaliados 88 adolescentes (10 a 19 anos). Informações sobre o histórico da doença e uso de medicamentos foram obtidas a partir de prontuários médicos. Os adolescentes responderam a dois recordatórios de 24 horas e um questionário sobre atividade física habitual. Peso, altura e circunferência da cintura foram medidos em duplicata. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD-R). O IQD-R é composto de 12 itens e a pontuação final varia de 0 a 100 pontos. Foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o IQD-R e as variáveis independentes. Também foram feitas as comparações das médias do IQD-R segundo as variáveis independentes pelo teste t-Student ou Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: a média para o IQD-R foi 51,90 pontos (EP=0,90 pontos). Os componentes que apresentaram menores médias foram cereais integrais e sódio. Os componentes que tiveram maiores médias foram cereais totais e óleos. Adolescentes moradores de casas de apoio tiveram média maior para fruta total e menor para carnes e leguminosas, quando comparados aos adolescentes que moravam com a família. Meninas apresentaram média maior para leite e derivados e menor para calorias provenientes de gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcares adicionados quando comparadas com meninos. CONCLUSÃO: os adolescentes com HIV/Aids avaliados apresentaram padrão de consumo alimentar semelhante ao de adolescentes da população geral: alto consumo de açúcar, gordura saturada e sódio e consumo insuficiente de cereais integrais e frutas. Atenção especial deve ser dada à dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids, pois eles estão em maior risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares ou outras doenças crônicas.
Title in English
Evaluation of diet quality and its associated factors among adolescents living with HIV/Aids
Keywords in English
Adolescent
Healthy Eating Index
HIV
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of AIDS might be associated with the emergence of metabolic disturbances in patients with HIV/AIDS. Apart from the antiretroviral therapy, other factors, such as diet may contribute to the emergence of these disturbances in adolescents with HIV/Aids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate diet quality of individuals from this population. OBJECTIVE: to assess diet quality among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: in a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS treated at the Infectious Disease Unity of the Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo) 88 adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were assessed. Information on disease history and use of medication were obtained from medical records. Adolescents responded to two 24-hour recalls and one questionnaire on habitual physical activity. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured twice. Diet quality was assessed by means of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). The HEI-2005 is composed of 12 items and the final score ranges from 0 to 100 points. Pearson´s correlation coefficients between the HEI-2005 and the independent variables were calculated. HEI-2005 means were also compared according to the independent variables by means of Student´s t-test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean for the HEI-2005 was 51.90 points (SE=0.90 points). The components with the lowest means were whole grains and sodium. The components with highest means were total grains and oils. Adolescents living in foster homes had higher mean for total fruit and lower mean for meats and beans when compared to adolescents living with their families. Girls had higher mean for milk and dairy products and lower for calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars when compared to boys. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with HIV/Aids showed an eating pattern similar to the adolescents from the general population: high consumption of added sugar, saturated fat and sodium and inadequate ingestion of whole grains and fruits. Special attention should be paid to the diet of adolescents with HIV/AIDS, because they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-06-20
 
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