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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.59.2011.tde-10112011-092534
Document
Author
Full name
Sandro Martinelli Reia
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Kinouchi Filho, Osame (President)
Onody, Roberto Nicolau
Silva, Mauro Copelli Lopes da
Title in Portuguese
Transições de fase e processos de nucleação no espaço de regras de autômatos celulares
Keywords in Portuguese
aproximação de campo médio
autômato celular
game of life
processo de nucleação
transição de fase
Abstract in Portuguese
O autômato celular Game of LIFE (GL) exibe comportamento coletivo não-trivial (Classe IV de Wolfram) a partir de regras locais simples. Na década de 1990, conjecturou-se que o autômato seria um exemplo de sistema não-conservativo com criticalidade auto-organizada. Nesse trabalho refutamos essa conjectura verificando que o regime transiente para estados absorventes não escala de forma correta para redes grandes. Usando uma aproximação de campo médio com considerações sobre interfaces para a rede quadrada, definimos um parâmetro de controle sigma0 relacionado com a razão de ramificação da interface da fase absorvente. A partir da análise de um grande número de autômatos celulares (6144), encontramos uma transição de fase descontínua no espaço de regras dos autômatos celulares totalistas. Também encontramos que o GL é um autômato celular quasi-crítico, com sigma0=1.006, ou seja, o GL equivale a um processo de nucleação quasi-crítico. Mostramos que essa quasi-criticalidade é resultado da coexistência e competição entre a fase viva e a fase morta: embora o LIFE esteja destinado à extinção (ao estado absorvente morto), o decaimento é adiado devido a um forte ralentamento crítico.
Title in English
Phase transitions and nucleation processes in cellular automata rule space
Keywords in English
cellular automata
game of life
mean-field aproximation
nucleation processes
phase transition
Abstract in English
The cellular automaton Game of LIFE exhibits non-trivial collective behavior (Wolfram Class IV) from local simple rules. In the 1990s, it was conjectured that the automaton would be an example of self-organized criticality in non-conservative systems. In this work we refute this conjecture by verifying that the transient regime to absorbing states does not scale for large lattice sizes. By using a mean-field approximation with considerations about interfaces in square lattices, we define a control parameter sigma0 related to the interfacial absorbing phase branching rate. From the analysis of a large number of cellular automata (6144), we find a discontinuous phase transition in the cellular automata rule space. We also find that LIFE is a quasi-critical cellular automaton, with sigma0=1.006, that is, LIFE is a quasi-critical nucleation process. It is shown that this quasi-criticality is a result of coexistence and competition between the living and dead phases: although LIFE is destined to extinction (to the dead absorbing state), this decay is delayed due to a strong critical slowing down.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-01-10
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • REIA, S. M., e KINOUCHI, O. Conway's Game of LIFE is a near critical metastable state in the multiverse of cellular automata. Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics , 2014.
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