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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.55.2019.tde-21082019-154139
Document
Author
Full name
Thiago Mauricio Pacifico
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Dias, Ires (President)
Ferreira, Luan Alberto
Ribeiro, Hermano de Souza
Silva, Aparecida Francisco da
Title in Portuguese
O princípio das gavetas de Dirichlet - problemas e aplicações
Keywords in Portuguese
Aplicações
Combinatória
Princípio das gavetas de Dirichlet
Problemas
Abstract in Portuguese
O princípio das gavetas de Dirichlet é um resultado matemático baseado numa proposição relativamente simples: se desejamos distribuir N +1 objetos em N gavetas, necessariamente alguma das gavetas conterá pelo menos 2 objetos. Apesar de parecer pouco relevante, devido a sua obviedade, esse teorema constitui uma ferramenta bastante importante na prova de outros resultados matemáticos. O presente trabalho, demonstra o Princípio das Gavetas em duas versões, uma mais simples e a outra mais geral, exibe algumas aplicações que evidenciam a sua importância como ferramenta de prova, e ao mesmo tempo, utiliza da sua simplicidade para motivar o estudo do próprio resultado assim como o de outros conceitos matemáticos. O banco de questões separado por níveis de dificuldade e o plano de aula têm o propósito de subsidiar o trabalho do professor no desenvolvimento desse interessante resultado matemático.
Title in English
The Dirichlets principle - problems and applications
Keywords in English
Applications
Combinatorial
Dirichlets drawer principle
Problems
Abstract in English
The Dirichlets drawers principle is a mathematical result based on a relatively simple proposition: if we wish to distribute N+1 objects in N drawers, necessarily some of the drawers will contain at least 2 objects. Although it seems insignificant due to its obviousness, this result is a very important tool in proving other mathematical results. The present work proves the Dirichlets principle, also know as pigeonhole principle in two versions, one simpler and the other more general, exibits some applications that show its importance as a tool of proof, and at the same time uses its simplicity to motivate the study of the own result as well as other mathematical concepts. The set of problems separated by difficulty levels and the lesson plan are intended to subsidize the teachers work in the development of this interesting mathematical result.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-08-21
 
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