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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.54.1990.tde-20082014-112301
Document
Author
Full name
Carlos de Oliveira Paiva Santos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 1990
Supervisor
Committee
Mascarenhas, Yvonne Primerano (President)
Basso, Heitor Cury
Craievich, Aldo Felix
Eiras, José Antonio
Mazzaro, Irineu
Title in Portuguese
Estudos de cerâmicas piezoelétricas pelo método de Rietveld com dados de difração de raios-x
Keywords in Portuguese
Cerâmicas piezoelétricas
Difração de raios X
Método de Rietveld
Abstract in Portuguese
O método de Rietveld (MR) de refinamento de estruturas de amostras policristalinas, com dados de difração de raios X foi implantado. Foram realizados testes com amostras de NaCl, NaCl:KCl (1:1 em massa) e PbTiO3. Nos testes com NaCl, foram refinados a escala e os parâmetros de rede, vibrações térmicas e perfil com várias funções para o ajuste do perfil e Δ 2 θ = 0.01, 0.02 e 0.04°. A análise quantitativa com as amostras de NaCl:KCl (1:1 em massa) preparadas para esse fim mostraram que o MR fornece bons resultados. Foi observado que a proporção de NaCl aumentou ligeiramente com a relação à de KCl em cada conjunto de dados sucessivamente medido. Nos testes com PbTiO3, os resultados mostraram uma boa concordância com os resultados obtidos com difração de nêutrons. A seguir, o método foi aplicado no estudo das cerâmicas piezoelétricas (Pb1-3/2yLay)TiO3 (PLT) e Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT). Para o PLT o MR foi aplicado para a determinação precisa do deslocamento dos cátions relativamente ao centro dos respectivos poliedros de coordenação (CQPb para o Pb/La e CQTi para o Ti) tendo sido encontrado: Pb/La - CQPb = 0.68(2)Å (y=0.025), 0.43(2)Å (y=0.10), 0.25(2)Å (y=0.20) e Ti - CQTi = 0.66(2)Å (y=0.025), 0.36(4)Å (y=0.10) e 0.18(7)Å (y= 0.20). No caso do PZT duas amostras foram estudadas. Com a primeira, preparada pela técnica de co-precipitação, o MR foi aplicado para a determinação da fórmula química, tendo sido encontrado PbZr0.30Ti0.70O3. Com a segunda, preparada por mistura convencional de óxidos, o MR foi aplicado para a determinação da proporção das fases tetragonal e romboédrica coexistentes na amostra, fornecendo 79% de tetragonal e 21% de romboédrica
Title in English
X-ray diffraction study of piezoelectric ceramics using Rietveld method
Keywords in English
Piezoelectric ceramics
Rietveld method
X-ray diffraction
Abstract in English
The Rietveld method (RM) of structura refinement of polycrystalline samples with X-ray diffraction data was implemented. Tests were performed with samples of NaCl, NaCl:KCl (1:1 in weight) and PbTiO3. for NaCl, the scale factor, lattice, thermal vibrations and profile parameters were refined with several profile functions and step lenght of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04°. The quantitative alanysis test with the NaCl:KCl (1:1 in weight) sample prepared for this purpose, showed that the RM gives good results. It was observed that the relative proportion of NaCl had a slight increase for each successive data collection. In the tests with PbTiO3, the results showed good agreement with that of nêutron diffraction. The method was applied in the analysis of the piezoelectrics ceramics (Pb1-3/2yLay)TiO3 (PLT) and Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT). In the PLT cases the RM was applied for the precise determination of the cátions shifts from their coordination polyedra centre (CQPb for Pb/La and CQTi for Ti) and it was found that Pb/La - CQPb = 0.68(2)Å (y=0.025), 0.43(2)Å (y=0.10), 0.25(2)Å (y=0.20) and Ti - CQTi = 0.66(2)Å (y=0.025), 0.36(4)Å (y=0.10) and 0.18(7)Å (y= 0.20). For the PZT two samples were studied. With the first, prepared by co-precipitation technique, the RM was applied for the determination of the chemical formula, and it was found to be PbZr0.30Ti0.70O3. For the second, prepared by conventional technique of mixture of oxides, the RM was applied for the quantitative analysis of the coexisting phases in the sample, and it was found to be 79% tetragonal and 21% rhombohedra
 
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Publishing Date
2014-08-21
 
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