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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2014.tde-24102014-120112
Document
Author
Full name
Karen Krist Sary Sunahara
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Sannomiya, Paulina (President)
Fontes, Belchor
Pinto, Jorge Luiz Freire
Prado, Carla Máximo
Sallum, Juliana Maria Ferraz
Title in Portuguese
Influência da insulina sobre a autofagia em modelo experimental de diabetes
Keywords in Portuguese
Autofagia
Diabetes
Imunidade inata
Insulina
Macrófagos
Ratos Wistar
Abstract in Portuguese
O diabetes mellitus (DM) é caracterizado por hiperglicemia associada à falta ou à ineficiência da insulina. DM também é marcado por alterações em diversos processos celulares que precisam ser mais bem entendidos. Estudou-se a via da autofagia em diferentes macrófagos, verificando se o tratamento com insulina é capaz de modular esse processo. Foram estudados macrófagos derivados da medula óssea (BMM), do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e do tecido esplênico de ratos Wistar, machos, diabéticos (aloxana, 42 mg/kg, i.v., 10 dias), ratos diabéticos tratados (insulina 4UI, s.c.) e respectivos controles. Para caracterização do modelo e avaliação do efeito da insulina sobre o processo autofágico, as seguintes análises foram realizadas: (a) glicemia, número de leucócitos no sangue periférico, número de células do LBA; (b) concentrações de citocinas: interleucina (IL)-1beta, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-alfa, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 e CINC-2 no sobrenadante do LBA pela técnica de ELISA; (c) caracterização de macrófago alveolar (MA) do LBA quanto a antígenos de superfície (MHCII, pan-macrophage KiM2R, CD11b) e marcadores autofágicos (proteína de cadeia leve associada a microtúbulo (LC)3 , gene/proteína relacionado à autofagia (ATG) pela técnica de citometria de fluxo e microscopia confocal ; (d) estudo dos macrófagos diferenciados, a partir da medula óssea, por citometria de fluxo e microscopia confocal; (e) estudo da arquitetura do baço pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica associada à microscopia confocal. Avaliando os resultados em conjunto, a via autofágica parece ser de extrema importância e de capacidade inovadora para alvo terapêutico. Observou-se que a insulina exerceu efeitos antagônicos sobre os macrófagos de tecidos diferentes: aumentou a expressão LC3 nos macrófagos recuperados por LBA e não conseguiu alterar a atividade autofágica em macrófagos da polpa vermelha do baço em ratos diabéticos. Os BMM originários de ratos diabéticos comportaram-se de maneira contrária aos do animal controle: os BMM tipo M1 tiveram o conteúdo de LC3 diminuído, enquanto os M2 tiveram o conteúdo autofágico aumentado. O tratamento com insulina nos ratos diabéticos não alterou o nível do conteúdo LC3 dos BMM, mesmo após uma semana de cultura in vitro. Concluímos, assim, que o tratamento com dose única de insulina foi capaz de induzir a autofagia em macrófagos alveolares, mas insuficiente para resgatar os níveis basais da autofagia em macrófagos da medula óssea e da polpa vermelha do baço
Title in English
Insulin influence upon autophagy in experimental model of diabetes
Keywords in English
Autophagy
Diabetes
Innate immunity
Insulin
Macrophages
Wistar rats
Abstract in English
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia associated to a lack or ineffectiveness of insulin. DM is marked by changes in several cellular processes that need to be better understood. Autophagy pathway in macrophages from different tissues was studied with the purpose to verify whether treatment with insulin is capable of modulating this process. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and splenic tissue macrophages from Wistar rats, diabetic (alloxan, 42 mg/kg, iv, 10 days) and diabetic rats treated with insulin were studied. To characterize the model and evaluate the effect of insulin upon the autophagic process, the following analyzes were performed: (a) glucose levels, number of leukocytes in peripheral blood, BAL cell number; (b) concentrations of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, cytokineinduced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and CINC-2 in the supernatant of BAL fluid by ELISA; (c) characterization of BAL alveolar macrophage (AM) surface antigens (MHCII, pan macrophage marker KiM2R, CD11b) and autophagic markers (microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC)3, gene/protein associated to autophagy (ATG) by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (d) study of macrophages diferenciated from bone marrow by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; (e) the architecture of spleen and macrophages from red pulp by immunohistochemical techniques associated to confocal microscopy. Evaluating these results together, the autophagic pathway appears to be innovative for therapeutic target. In this study, it was observed that insulin exerted diverse effects on macrophages from different tissues: increased expression of LC3 in AM recovered from BAL and was unable to change the autophagic activity of macrophages from the red pulp of the spleen in diabetic rats. BMM from diabetic rats behaved in an antagonistic way compared to control animals: BMM M1 type decreased their autophagy content while M2 macrophages increased autophagic levels and insulin treatment did not alter the level of LC3 expression. In conclusion, treatment with a single dose of insulin was able to induce autophagy in alveolar macrophages, but insufficient for recovering baseline levels of autophagy in bone marrow derived macrophages and macrophages from the red pulp of the spleen
 
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Publishing Date
2014-10-24
 
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