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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2007.tde-13022008-110518
Document
Author
Full name
Percyleini Pelegrine Herculiani
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Mauad, Thais (President)
Cury, Patricia Maluf
Dolhnikoff, Marisa
Matsushita, Marcus de Medeiros
Souza, Rogério de
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos da inalação crônica de cocaína "crack" no aparelho respiratório de camundongos
Keywords in Portuguese
Camundongos
Cocaína \"crack\"
Nariz
Pulmão
Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Uma das formas de uso (ilegal) da cocaína é a forma fumada, através da queima de uma base de cocaína na forma de "pedras" (cocaína "crack"). O uso da cocaína "crack" pode causar alterações de caráter crônico ou agudo no trato respiratório. Neste estudo foram investigados os efeitos da inalação crônica de cocaína "crack" no aparelho respiratório de camundongos. MÉTODOS: Quarenta camundongos Balb/c machos com 60 dias de idade (10 animais controles e 30 expostos) foram usados no estudo. Dez animais foram usados para determinar o nível de cocaína sérica após uma única exposição. Vinte animais foram expostos à fumaça de "crack" em uma câmara de inalação, 5 dias por semana, durante 2 meses. Os dez animais controles foram mantidos no biotério. Análises morfométricas quantitativas de cortes histológicos de nariz e pulmão foram realizadas através da microscopia óptica. Foram quantificados a espessura e quantidade de muco no epitélio nasal e brônquico, a hemossiderina pulmonar, a espessura da parede e o índice de vasoconstrição de artérias pulmonares de pequeno calibre e a densidade de macrófagos e neutrófilos nas regiões alveolares e peribrônquicas. O grupo exposto e controle foram comparados entre si e as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: No epitélio nasal observou-se um aumento de muco (p<0,001) e diminuição de sua espessura (p<0,001) no grupo exposto. No epitélio brônquico não houve alteração da quantidade de muco (p=0,075) entre os grupos, mas observou-se significante diminuição da espessura epitelial (p<0,001) no grupo exposto. Houve aumento da hemossiderina pulmonar (p<0,001) no grupo exposto. Nas artérias pulmonares de pequeno calibre não houve aumento da espessura da parede (p=0,782) entre os grupos, mas o índice de vasoconstrição foi significativamente maior (p=0,034) no grupo exposto. A densidade celular dos macrófagos foi maior tanto na região alveolar (p=0,001) como na região peribrônquica (p=0,001). A densidade celular de neutrófilos foi maior na região alveolar (p=0,002) do grupo exposto sendo que na região peribrônquica a diferença não foi significante (p=0,419) entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados mostram que a inalação do "crack" causa alterações no aparelho respiratório, afetando desde a mucosa nasal até o parênquima pulmonar. Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos efeitos adversos do uso crônico da cocaína "crack" no trato respiratório.
Title in English
Chronic inhalation effects of crack cocaine in the respiratory system of mice
Keywords in English
Crack cocaine
Disturbs related to the use of substances mice.
Lung
Nose
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: One of the illegal ways of using cocaine is smoking its rock through a burning cocaine basis shaped resin (crack cocaine). The use of crack cocaine may cause chronic and severe alterations in the respiratory system. In this research, the chronic inhalation effects of "crack" cocaine in mice respiratory systems were studied. METHODS: Forty male Balb/c mice, 60-days-old (10 control animals and 30 exposed) were utilized in this study. Ten of them were chosen to determine the level of silky cocaine after one single exposition. Twenty animals were exposed to crack smoke in an inhalation chamber, 5 days a week, during 2 months. All the control animals were kept in the housing unit. Quantitative morphometric analysis of histological cuts in the nose and lung were realized across by the optical microscopy. The following were quantified: the thickness, likewise the amount of mucus in nasal and bronchial epitheliums, lung hemosiderin, ply of the sheet and the rate of vasoconstriction in lung arteries of small diameter, in addition to the density of macrophages and neutrophiles inside of alveolar and peribronchial regions. A comparison between the high-risk and control group was established. The differences were considered significant when p<0,05. RESULTS: In the nasal epithelium, an increase of mucus was observed (p<0,001), as well as a decrease of its thickness (p<0,001) in the high-risk group. In the bronchial epithelium, there was no alteration in the amount of mucus (p=0,075) between the groups, but there was a significant decrease in the epithelial ply (p<0,001) inside of the exposed group. There was an increase of lung hemosiderin (p<0,001) in the exposed group. In arteries of small diameter, there was no expansion of the thickness in the sheet (p=0,782) between the groups, although the level of vasoconstriction was significantly higher (p=0,034) in the exposed group. The cellular density of macrophages was higher in the alveolar region (p=0,001), as in the peribronchial one (p=0,001). The cellular density observed in neutrophiles was higher in the alveolar site (p=0,002) of the exposed group, since that in the peribronchial region the difference was not significant (p=0,419) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that crack inhalation may cause alterations in the respiratory system, affecting from the nasal mucus until the lung parenchyma. This research contributes for a better comprehension of the adverse effects originating from a chronic use of crack cocaine in the respiratory tract.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-03-13
 
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