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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2019.tde-03092019-151203
Document
Author
Full name
Jean Marcos de Souza
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki (President)
Bonfa, Eloisa Silva Dutra de Oliveira
Reis Neto, Edgard Torres dos
Souza, Fernando Henrique Carlos de
Title in Portuguese
Segurança e eficácia do exercício físico nas miopatias necrosantes imunomediadas
Keywords in Portuguese
Desempenho atlético
exercício
força muscular
imagem por ressonância magnética
imunoglobulinas
miosite
treinamento de resistência
Abstract in Portuguese
Objetivos: Descrever retrospectivamente uma série de casos de pacientes com miopatia necrosante imunomediada (MNIM), avaliando os efeitos de uma terapia de indução com metilprednisolona (MP) associada ou não à imunoglobulina humana intravenosa (IGIV) sobre a condição muscular tardia, vista por ressonância magnética muscular, e sobre parâmetros de atividade de doença. A seguir, avaliar prospectivamente os efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico combinado assistido nesta amostra sobre a segurança, condição clínica, capacidade aeróbia, força e função muscular. Métodos: Foram inicialmente avaliados em uma análise longitudinal 13 pacientes com MNIM (4 com autoanticorpos anti-hidroxi-metilglutaril coenzima A redutase e 9 com anti-partícula reconhecedora de sinal), no período de 2012 a 2018. Por protocolo institucional, estes pacientes foram tratados ao diagnóstico com um esquema de indução com pulsoterapias de MP associadas ou não à IGIV. Foram analisados os dados clínicos e laboratoriais para cálculo dos critérios de resposta do International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Study Group (IMACS) antes do tratamento e no final do segmento, bem como a ressonância magnética de coxa ao final do segmento, pela qual se quantificaram os níveis de atrofia, edema e lipossubstituição. Adicionalmente, em uma análise quasiexperimental, 8 pacientes da primeira amostra foram também submetidos a um programa de treinamento físico supervisionado combinando exercícios aeróbicos e resistidos, duas vezes por semanas, por 12 semanas. Finalmente, foram comparados, antes e após o programa de treinamento, os dados de: capacidade aeróbia, através do teste cardiopulmonar de esforço; força, através do teste de 1 repetição máxima (RM) no supino e no leg press; e função muscular, através do teste sit-to-stand (STS) e do teste timed up-and-go (TUG). Resultados: Na primeira amostra, composta por 9 mulheres e 4 homens, a idade média dos pacientes ao diagnóstico foi de 53,5 anos e o tempo médio de sintomas até o diagnóstico foi de 4 meses. Todos os pacientes receberam terapia com MP e/ou IGIV. Após uma média de 39 meses de seguimento, todos os parâmetros do IMACS melhoraram de uma forma significativa em relação aos parâmetros basais. Nove pacientes obtiveram resposta clínica completa e, entre eles, dois tiveram remissão completa. Onze pacientes interromperam o uso de glicocorticoides no final desta fase. Apenas 2 pacientes tiveram atrofia muscular ou lipossubstituição classificada como moderada à ressonância magnética, com o restante apresentando achados normais ou leves. Oito pacientes da amostra inicial continuaram o estudo e terminaram o protocolo de treinamento. Nenhuma ativação de doença, agravamento dos escores do IMACS ou eventos adversos foram observados durante todo o período de treinamento. Os pacientes também aumentaram a capacidade aeróbia (tempo para atingir o limiar anaeróbico e tempo para atingir a exaustão), força muscular (1 RM do supino) e função muscular (STS). Conclusão: Nesta série de casos, o tratamento precoce com pulsoterapias de MP e/ou IGIV com o objetivo de resposta clínica completa pode ter sido uma estratégia eficaz de tratamento para a MNIM, atuando sobre os parâmetros de atividade de doença e possivelmente sobre o dano muscular acumulado visto pela ressonância magnética. Ademais, o treinamento físico combinado supervisionado em pacientes MNIM se mostrou seguro e eficaz, promovendo aumento de capacidade aeróbia, força e função muscular
Title in English
Safety and efficacy of physical exercise in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies
Keywords in English
Athletic performance
exercise
immunoglobulins
magnetic resonance imaging
muscle strength
myositis
resistance training
Abstract in English
Objectives: To describe retrospectively a case series of patients with immunemediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), evaluating the effects of an induction therapy with methylprednisolone (MP) associated or not with intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) on late muscle condition, as seen by muscle magnetic resonance imaging, and on parameters of disease activity. Next, to evaluate prospectively the effects of an assisted and combined physical training program in this sample regarding safety, clinical status, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and function. Methods: Thirteen patients with IMNM (4 patients with anti-hydroxymethyl- glutaryl coenzyme A reductase autoantibodies and 9 patients with antisignal- recognition particle) were initially evaluated in a longitudinal analysis, from 2012 to 2018. By institutional protocol, these patients were treated at diagnosis with an induction scheme with MP pulse therapies associated or not with IVIG. The clinical and laboratory data to calculate the response criteria of the International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Study Group (IMACS) before treatment and at the end of the segment, as well as the magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh at the end of the segment, in order to assess atrophy, edema and fat replacement, were quantified. Additionally, in a quasi-experimental analysis, eight patients of the first sample were also submitted to a supervised physical training program combining aerobic and resisted exercises, twice a week, for 12 weeks. Finally, before and after the training program, the following data were compared: aerobic capacity, through cardiopulmonary exercise test; strength, through the maximal repetition test (RM) in the bench press and in the leg press; and muscular function, through the sit-tostand test (STS) and the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Results: In the first sample, composed of 9 women and 4 men, the mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 53.5 years and the mean duration of symptoms until the diagnosis was 4 months. All patients received MP and/or IVIG therapy. After an average of 39 months of follow-up, all IMACS parameters improved significantly over baseline parameters. Nine patients had complete clinical response and, among them, two had complete remission. Eleven patients discontinued the use of glucocorticoids at the end of this phase. Only 2 patients had muscle atrophy or fat replacement classified as moderate in magnetic resonance, with the remainder presenting normal or mild findings. Eight patients in the initial sample continued the study and completed the training protocol. No disease activation, worsening of IMACS scores or adverse events were observed throughout the training period. Patients also increased aerobic capacity (time to reach the anaerobic threshold and time to achieve exhaustion), muscle strength (1 RM of the bench press) and muscle function (STS). Conclusion: In this case series, early treatment with MP and/or IVIG pulse therapy with the objective of complete clinical response may have been an effective treatment strategy for IMNM, acting on the parameters of disease activity and possibly on the accumulated muscle damage seen by magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the supervised combined physical training in IMNM patients was shown to be safe and effective, increasing aerobic capacity, strength and muscle function
 
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Publishing Date
2019-09-03
 
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