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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2016.tde-06062016-112451
Document
Author
Full name
Letícia Vieira de Paiva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Nomura, Roseli Mieko Yamamoto (President)
Aguiar, Regina Amélia Lopes Pessoa de
Brizot, Maria de Lourdes
Gualandro, Sandra Fatima Menosi
Igai, Ana Maria Kondo
Title in Portuguese
Nutrição da gestante portadora de anemia falciforme, complicações maternas e resultados perinatais
Keywords in Portuguese
Anemia falciforme
Complicações na gravidez
Gravidez
Nutrição em saúde pública
Resultado da gravidez
Abstract in Portuguese
O prognóstico da gestação é influenciado pelo estado nutricional materno. Sabe-se que, desde a infância, as pessoas portadoras da doença falciforme apresentam crescimento deficiente. Pouco se conhece sobre a evolução do estado nutricional materno na anemia falciforme. O objetivo foi analisar o estado nutricional de gestantes portadoras de anemia falciforme, avaliando o ganho de peso, o consumo dietético materno e os resultados adversos maternos e perinatais. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 26 gestantes portadoras de anemia falciforme SS e 23 SC, a partir do início do pré-natal especializado até o puerpério. Como grupo controle foram utilizadas 63 gestantes, sem comorbidades. O estado nutricional das gestantes foi avaliado de acordo com índice de massa corporal, pré-gestacional e ao final da gravidez, bem como analisado o ganho de peso materno. O consumo dietético foi analisado utilizando-se questionário de frequência alimentar, em cada trimestre, caracterizando-se o valor energético total e a ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes. As complicações maternas e perinatais foram investigadas. O nível de significância foi 0,05 (alfa=5%). Resultados: O IMC pré-gestacional foi significativamente menor no grupo SS (mediana 20,3 kg/m2) quando comparado com os grupos SC (22,7 kg/m2, p < 0,05) e controle (23,2 kg/m2, p < 0,05). O baixo peso pré-gestacional (IMC < 18,5 kg/m2) foi significativamente mais frequente no grupo SS (15,4%) quando comparado aos grupos SC (4,4%) e controle (1,6%, p=0,009). Ao final da gestação, o grupo SS apresentou menor IMC (mediana 23,1 kg/m2) quando comparado com o grupo SC (26,1 kg/m2, p < 0,05) e controle (28,5 kg/m2, p < 0,05). O ganho ponderal na gestação foi menor no grupo SS (mediana 8,0 kg) quando comparado com o grupo SC (11,9 kg, p < 0,05) e Controle (13,7 kg, p < 0,05). Na análise do consumo dietético no 2º trimestre, constatou-se que os grupos SS e SC apresentaram menor consumo de proteínas (medianas, 73 g/d e 69 g/d) quando comparados aos controles (96 g/d, p < 0,05); e o consumo de cálcio foi menor no grupo SS comparado ao controle (mediana, 410 vs. 748 g/d, p<0,05). No 3º trimestre, houve menor consumo de proteínas pelo grupo SS quando comparado com os controles (mediana, 68 g/d vs. 93 g/d, p < 0,05); o consumo de vitamina A foi menor no grupo SS quando comparado aos controles (mediana, 447 vs. 940 mcg/d, p < 0,05); o consumo de vitamina E foi menor no grupo SS (mediana, 6 mg/d) quando comparado aos grupos SC (10 mg/d) e controle (7 mg/d, p < 0,05). As complicações maternas mais frequentes foram: crise álgica, 58% no grupo SS e 44% no SC (p=NS); infecção urinária, 31% no SS e 17% no SC (p=NS); e infecção pulmonar, 35% no SS e 9% no SC (p=NS). Houve diferença significativa no diagnóstico de sofrimento fetal: SS (36%), SC (14%) e controle (13%, p=0,032). Resultados perinatais adversos foram mais frequentes nos grupos SS e SC quando comparados aos controles. Conclusões: O estado nutricional das gestantes portadoras de doença falciforme SS caracterizou-se pela desnutrição materna, com baixo ganho ponderal na gestação. O consumo dietético de macronutrientes demonstrou ingestão inadequada de proteínas nos 2º e 3º trimestres. As complicações maternas e resultados perinatais adversos foram eventos frequentes nas gestantes portadoras de doença falciforme
Title in English
Nutrition of pregnant women with sickle cell anemia, maternal complications and perinatal outcomes
Keywords in English
Anemia sickle cell
Nutrition public health, Pregnancy complications
Pregnancy
Pregnancy outcome
Abstract in English
The prognosis of pregnancy is influenced by the mother's nutritional status. It is known that, from childhood, people with sickle cell disease have deficient growth. Little is known about the evolution of maternal nutritional status in sickle cell anemia. The objective was to analyze the nutritional status of pregnant women with sickle cell anemia, assessing their weight gain, maternal dietary intake, and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 26 pregnant women with sickle cell anemia SS and 23 SC, from the start of pre-natal to the postpartum period. It was used as a control group 63 pregnant women without comorbidities. The nutritional status of pregnant women was evaluated according to body mass index, prepregnancy and late pregnancy and maternal weight gain. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire in each quarter, characterizing the total energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake. Maternal and perinatal complications were investigated. The significance level was 0.05 (alpha=5%). Results: The pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly lower in the SS group (median 20.3 kg/m2) compared to the SC group (22.7 kg/m2, p < 0.05) and control (23.2 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The low pre-pregnancy weight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was significantly more frequent in the SS group (15.4%) when compared with the SC group (4.4%) and control (1.6%, p=0.009). At the end of pregnancy, the SS group had lower BMI (median 23.1 kg/m2) compared to the SC group (26.1 kg/m2, p < 0.05) and control (28.5 kg/m2, p < 0.05). Weight gain during pregnancy was lower in the SS group (median 8.0 kg) compared with the SC group (11.9 kg, p < 0.05) and control (13.7 kg, p < 0.05). The dietary intake analysis in the 2nd quarter showed that the SS and SC groups have a lower protein intake (median, 73 g/d and 69 g/d) compared to controls (96 g/d, p < 0.05); and calcium intake is lower in the SS group compared with controls (median, 410 vs. 748 g/d, p < 0.05). In the 3rd quarter, the protein intake was lower in the SS group compared with controls (median, 68 g/d vs. 93 g/d, p < 0.05); the vitamin A intake was lower in the SS group compared to controls (median, 447 vs. 940 mcg/d, p<0.05); the consumption of vitamin E was lower in the SS group (median, 6 mg/d) groups when compared to SC (10 mg/d) and control (7 mg/d, p < 0.05). The most frequent maternal complications were: a pain crisis, 58% in the SS group and 44% in SC (p=NS); urinary tract infection in 31% of SS and 17% of SC (p=NS); and pulmonary infection, 35% in the SS and 9% in the SC group (p = NS). There were significant differences in the diagnosis of fetal distress: SS (36%), SC (14%) and control (13%, p=0.032). Adverse perinatal outcomes were more common in SS and SC groups when compared to controls. Conclusions: The nutritional status of pregnant women with sickle cell disease SS is characterized by maternal malnutrition with low weight gain during pregnancy. Dietary intake of macronutrients demonstrates inadequate protein intake in the second and third quarters. Maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcomes are frequent events in pregnant women with sickle cell disease
 
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Publishing Date
2016-06-06
 
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