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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2011.tde-23032011-184543
Document
Author
Full name
Norberto Anizio Ferreira Frota
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Caramelli, Paulo (President)
Barbosa, Egberto Reis
Brucki, Sônia Maria Dozzi
Siqueira Neto, Jose Ibiapina
Teixeira Junior, Antonio Lúcio
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação neuropsicológica de pacientes com doença de Wilson e correlação das alterações cognitivas com exames de neuroimagem estrutural e perfusão cerebral
Keywords in Portuguese
Cognição
Demência
Doença de Wilson
Ressonância magnética
SPECT
Testes neuropsicológicos
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A doença de Wilson (DW) é uma doença genética rara, sistêmica, causada por déficit no metabolismo do cobre, levando a acúmulo em diversos órgãos, incluindo o cérebro, especialmente os núcleos da base. Apesar de distonia e disartria serem as alterações neurológicas mais comuns, alterações cognitivas, incluindo demência, podem surgir em casos não tratados. Objetivos: Avaliar as funções cognitivas de um grupo de pacientes com DW e correlacionar com os achados de RM e SPECT. Métodos: Todos os pacientes com DW atendidos consecutivamente em uma clínica de distúrbios do movimento, entre outubro de 2006 e agosto de 2007, foram submetidos ao Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Bateria Cognitiva Breve (BCB), teste de fluência verbal (animais, FAS e verbos), Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (BAF), STROOP, Extensão de Dígitos (ED) ordem direta e ordem inversa, Escala de Demência de Mattis (DRS), Teste de Seleção de Cartas de Wisconsin (WCST), Hooper e Blocos do WAIS. Depois dos testes, todos os pacientes realizaram RM e SPECT. Alterações de RM (hipersinal, hiposinal e atrofia) foram quantificadas em uma escala (0-17). O SPECT foi analisado por meio de SPM. Pacientes com depressão ou com anartria foram excluídos. Os resultados foram comparados com o desempenho de um grupo de voluntários sadios. Resultados: 20 pacientes com DW (11 homens) e 20 controles (9 homens) foram avaliados. A média de idade no grupo de pacientes com DW e controles foi 30,05±7,25 anos e 32,15±5,37 anos, respectivamente. A escolaridade média foi 11,15±3,73 anos nos pacientes com DW e 10,08 ± 2,62 anos nos controles. Pacientes com DW tiveram comprometimento cognitivo nos seguintes testes: MEEM (26,70±2,45 x 28,75±1,29), DRS (132,45 ±10,77 x 140,55±3,72), Fluência verbal: FAS (22,40±12,40 x 38,75±9,11) e Verbos (8,50±6,63 x 15,40±6,22); ED ordem direta (4,95±0,82 x 6,15±1,42), STROOP (4,40±4,87 x 0,50±0,68), BAF (12,95±2,85 x 16,25±1,25) e BCB: M2 (9,20±0,69 x 9,75±0,44), M5 (8,45±1,35 x 9,50 ±0,76). O diagnóstico de demência foi realizado em dois pacientes. Houve correlação entre o comprometimento cognitivo e a escala de RM (r=0,5348). Essa correlação foi mais forte com as alterações de hipersinal e atrofia (r=0,718). A avaliação por SPM mostrou uma hipoperfusão no caudado de forma simétrica, no cerebelo à esquerda e insula à esquerda. Conclusões: Pacientes com DW apresentam um comprometimento cognitivo, especialmente nas funções executivas, com boa correlação entre cognição e RM
Title in English
Neuropsychological assessment of Wilson's disease patients and correlation of cognitive changes with structural neuroimaging and cerebral perfusion
Keywords in English
Cognition
Dementia
Magnetic resonance
Neuropsychological tests
SPECT
Wilsons disease
Abstract in English
Background: Wilsons disease (WD) is a rare, genetic and systemic disease, caused by a deficit in the copper metabolism, leading to its accumulation in different organs, including the brain, especially the basal ganglia. Although dystonia and dysarthria are the most common neurological signals, cognitive changes, including dementia, may emerge in untreated cases. Objective: To assess cognitive functioning of a group of WD patients and correlate with MRI and SPECT findings. Methods: All WD patients consecutively attended in a Movement Disorders Clinic between October 2006 and August 2007 were submitted to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), verbal fluency tests (animals, FAS and verbs), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), STROOP, Digit Span forward and backward (DS), Dementia Ranting Scale (DRS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Hooper and WAIS block design. After the tests, a MRI and SPECT were done in all patients. MRI abnormalities (high intensity signal, low intensity signal and atrophy) were ratted in a scale (0-17). SPECT was analyzed with SPM. Patients with depression or with anarthria were excluded. Results were compared with the performance of a group of healthy controls. Results: 20 WD patients (11 men) and 20 controls (9 men) were evaluated. Mean age in the WD and control groups were 30.05±7.25 years and 32.15±5.37, respectively. Mean educational level was 11.15±3.73 years among WD cases and 10.08 ± 2.62 years among controls. The WD patients had a cognitive impairment in the: MMSE (26.70±2.45 x 28.75±1.29), DRS (132.45 ±10.77 x 140.55±3.72), verbal fluency: FAS (22.40±12.40 x 38.75±9.11), Verbs (8.50±6.63 x 15.40±6.22); DS forward (4.95±0.82 x 6.15±1.42), STROOP (4.40±4.87 x 0.50±0.68), FAB (12.95±2.85 x 16.25±1.25) and BCSB: M2 (9.20±0.69 x 9.75±0.44), M5 (8.45±1.35 x 9.50 ±0.76). Dementia diagnostic was made in tow patients. There was a correlation between cognitive impairment and MRI scale (r=0.5348), this correlation was better with high intensity signal plus atrophy (r=0.718). The SPM showed a symmetrical caudate, left cerebellar and left insular hypoperfusion. Conclusion: WD patients presented cognitive impairment, especially in executive functions, with good correlation between cognition and MRI
 
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Publishing Date
2011-03-25
 
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