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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2007.tde-21062007-094015
Document
Author
Full name
João Manoel Cruz Nascimento
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Marcos Vinicius da (President)
Lopes, Marta Heloisa
Rossi, Flavia
Title in Portuguese
Salmoneloses: avaliação epidemiológica, clínica e laboratorial dos pacientes do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas com infecção por Salmonella spp. no período de janeiro de 1992 a dezembro de 2002
Keywords in Portuguese
HIV
Resistência a drogas
Salmonella
Síndrome de imunodeficiêcia adquirida
Abstract in Portuguese
OBJETIVOS: conhecer os perfis epidemiológico, clínico e laboratorial dos pacientes com infecção por Salmonella spp. e o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana destas cepas de Salmonella spp., no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo (SP), no período de 1992 a 2002.MÉTODOS: revisão dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes e avaliação do perfil de sensibilidade das cepas de Salmonella ssp. pelo método de disco difusão das cepas aos antimicrobianos ciprofloxacina, ceftriaxone, cloranfenicol, ácido nalidíxico, ampicilina, sulfametoxazol-trimetropim (SMX-TMP), tetraciclina e estreptomicina. RESULTADOS: um total de 146 cepas de Salmonella spp. foram isoladas a partir de pacientes diferentes durante o período avaliado. Cento e onze (76,0%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 35 (24,0%), do feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 29,33 ± 12,76 anos (mínima de um ano e máxima de 70 anos). Cento e seis (72,6%) pacientes residiam na cidade de São Paulo. Em 128 (87,7%) casos, a fonte provável de contaminação por Salmonella spp. era desconhecida. A febre, diarréia, náuseas e/ou vômitos e sintomatologia respiratória estiveram presentes em, respectivamente, 111(76%), 92 (63%), 67 (45,9%) e 63 (43,2%) pacientes na admissão hospitalar. Em indivíduos HIV-positivos, os sintomas respiratórios foram mais os comuns. A maior parte das cepas foi obtida de sangue e fezes, respectivamente, 109 (74,4%) e 22 (15,1%) cepas. Trinta e cinco (24,0%) cepas eram do sorotipo Salmonella Typhi e 111 (76%), sorotipos não-Typhi, sendo os sorotipos mais comuns Enteritidis com 42 (37,8%) cepas; Typhimurium, 23 (20,7%); I,4,[5],12:i:-, 16 (14,4%) e Dublin, 16 (14,4%). Noventa e sete (66,4%) pacientes tinham sorologia para HIV positiva e seis (4,1%), negativa. Quarenta e três (29,5%) pacientes tinham sorologia anti-HIV desconhecida. Entre os 97 pacientes HIV-positivo, em 14 (14,4%), o episódio atual de salmonelose, com ou sem patologias oportunistas, foi a responsável pela descoberta da infecção pelo HIV ou desenvolvimento para a sida em indivíduos já sabidamente HIV-positivo. Os seguintes percentuais de sensibilidade foram encontrados nos antimicrobianos estudados: ciprofloxacina, 100% de sensibilidade; ceftriaxone, 99,3%; cloranfenicol, 96,6%; ácido nalidíxico, 95,2%; ampicilina, 92,5%; sulfametoxazoltrimetoprim, 91,8%; tetraciclina, 86,3% e estreptomicina, 65,8%. Trinta e oito (26,0%) pacientes evoluíram para o óbito, sendo todos HIV-positivo/AIDS (p< 0,0001) e em todos isoladas cepas de Salmonella não-Typhi (p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: a ocorrência dos sorotipos Typhi e não-Typhi e a sintomatologia diferem segundo a condição sorológica para o HIV. A cultura do sangue e de fezes deve fazer parte da rotina do diagnóstico. Ciprofloxacina, ceftriaxone,cloranfenicol e ampicilina constituem opções terapêuticas adequadas para a infecção por Salmonella spp.. Foram fatores de risco para o óbito, sorologia anti-HIV positiva e o isolamento de Salmonella não-Typhi.
Title in English
Salmonellosis: epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial evaluation of the patients from "Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas" with infection due to Salmonella spp. in the period from January 1992 to December 2002
Keywords in English
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Drug resistance
HIV
Salmonella
Abstract in English
OBJECTIVES: knwon the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial characteristics of the patients with infection due to Salmonella spp. and the pattern of susceptibility to antimicrobials of such isolates of Salmonella spp., from "Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo" (SP), in the period of January 1992 to December 2002. METHODS: review of the patients charts and evaluation of the pattern of susceptibility from the isolates of Salmonella spp. performing the disk diffusion method to the antimicrobials ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and streptomycin. RESULTS: a total of 146 isolates were obtained from different patients in the period evalueted. One-hundred and eleven (76.0%) patients were male and 35 (24.0%), female. The median age was 29.33 ± 12.76 years (range one year 70 years). One-hundred and six (72.6%) patients lived in the city of São Paulo. In 128 (87.7%) cases, the probable source of contamination with Salmonella spp. was unknwon. Fever, diarrhoea, nausea and/or vomiting and respiratory sintomatology were present, respectively, in 111(76%), 92 (63%), 67 (45.9%) and 63 (43.2%) patients at presentation. In HIV-seropositive patients, respiratory sintomatology was the most common. Most of the isolates were obtained from blood and stool, respectively, 109 (74.4%) and 22 (15.1%) isolates. Thirty-five (24.0%) isolates belonged to serotype Salmonella Typhi and 111 (76%) to non-Typhi serotypes, being the most common Enteritidis with 42 (37.8%) isolates; Typhimurium, 23 (20.7%); I,4,[5],12:i:-, 16 (14.4%) and Dublin, 16 (14.4%). Ninety-seven (66.4%) patients had HIVserology positive and six (4.1%) patients, negative. In 43(29.5%) patients, the HIV serology was unknown. Considering the 97 HIV-seropositive patients, in 14 (14,4%), the actual episode of salmonellosis, with or without oportunistic infections, was the responsible for the discovery of the HIV infection or to development to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in already known HIV-seropositive patients. The following percentages of susceptibility were found in the antimicrobials analysed: ciprofloxacin, susceptibility of 100%; ceftriaxone, 99.3%; chloramphenicol, 96.6%; nalidixic acid, 95.2%; ampicillin, 92.5%; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 91.8%; tetracycline, 86.3% and streptomycin, 65.8%. Thirtyeight (26.0%) evoluted to death, being all HIV-positive patients (p < 0.0001) with infection to non-typhoidal Salmonellae (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: the occurrence of serotypes Typhi and non-Typhi and the patients sintomatology depends on the HIV-serology. Culture of blood and stool should be part of the diagnosis. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and ampicillin are good therapeutic options for Salmonella spp. infection. HIV-serology positive and the isolation of non-Typhi Salmonella were risk factors to death.
 
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Publishing Date
2007-07-10
 
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