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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2008.tde-13012009-151331
Document
Author
Full name
Gyl Henrique Albrecht Ramos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Tavares, Marcos Roberto (President)
Brandao, Lenine Garcia
Cernea, Claudio Roberto
Dedivitis, Rogério Aparecido
Lima, Roberto Rego Monteiro de Araujo
Title in Portuguese
Endoscopia de contato (microestomatoscopia) nas lesões da boca e do lábio: avaliação do método
Keywords in Portuguese
Carcinoma
Diagnóstico precoce
Endoscopia/métodos
Neoplasias bucais
Neoplasias labiais
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: a expectativa de incidência do câncer da cavidade oral estimada para 2008, no Brasil, é de 14.160 casos e cerca de 50% desses tumores serão diagnosticados tardiamente. Os procedimentos diagnósticos menos invasivos e confiáveis podem incrementar o diagnóstico precoce. OBJETIVOS: a) descrever as dificuldades da endoscopia de contato aplicada à boca e ao lábio (microestomatoscopia de contato); b) aplicar no diagnóstico das lesões do lábio os critérios usados na endoscopia de contato de outras topografias; c) descrever parâmetro objetivo para a aplicação do critério Celularidade; d) comparar os diagnósticos deste exame, nas lesões do vermelhão do lábio inferior, com os do anatomopatológico. MÉTODO: o estudo foi prospectivo, de casos não consecutivos, utilizando o endoscópio de contato Storz 8715 A e o corante azul de toluidina. Foi dividido em Estudo Inicial, com 31 exames (21 do lábio e 10 da boca) para objetivos a e b, e em Estudo Final, com 69 exames (53 do vermelhão e 16 da mucosa labial sem lesão) para objetivos c e d. No primeiro, interessaram lesões do lábio e da boca, apenas exames in vivo e sem biópsia dirigida. No segundo, interessaram lesões do vermelhão do lábio inferior, apenas exames ex vivo e com biópsia dirigida. Os critérios aplicados foram Celularidade, Arquitetura, Extratificação e Morfometria. O critério Celularidade foi dividido em faixas conforme a contagem manual das células de cada lesão benigna e maligna. Foram aplicados análises de regressão e o teste de correlação de Kendall. RESULTADOS: a falta de nitidez das imagens ocorreu em 100% dos casos, os critérios, quando alterados em conjunto, definiram malignidade à microestomatoscopia de contato. Estudo Final: o teste de Kendall foi significativo para todos os critérios; O critério Celularidade foi dividido em quatro faixas (Risco Mínimo (RM), Pouco Risco (PR), Médio Risco (MR) e Alto Risco (AR). A análise de regressão destacou que os critérios Estratificação e Celularidade, assim como as faixas Risco Mínimo (RM) e Pouco Risco (PR), juntas, foram significativos para o diagnóstico de malignidade. Não ocorreram falsonegativos e os falso-positivos foram 9,4%. A sensibilidade para o diagnóstico de malignidade foi 100%, a especificidade 88%, o valor preditivo positivo 70,5%, o valor preditivo negativo 100% e a acurácia 90,3%. CONCLUSÃO: as dificuldades encontradas (contato do aparelho com a superfície anatômica, deslizamento do aparelho, tremores finos e falta de nitidez da imagem) não inviabilizaram o procedimento. Os critérios puderam ser observados e estavam correlacionados entre si. As faixas RM e PR agrupadas confirmaram a significância da divisão por faixas. A sensibilidade e a especificidade foram altas e com bom valor preditivo positivo para o diagnóstico de lesões malignas do vermelhão do lábio inferior. O estudo sugere que a microestomatoscopia de contato é útil no diagnóstico das lesões do lábio, da boca, especialmente do vermelhão do lábio inferior
Title in English
Contact endoscopy in oral lesions: method assessment
Keywords in English
Carcinoma
Early diagnosis
Endoscopy/ methods
Lip neoplasms
Mouth neoplasms
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, the expectation of incidence of oral cavity cancer is estimated at 14160 cases in 2008. and approximately 50% of such tumors will be diagnosed belatedly. Non-invasive and more reliable diagnostic procedures may enhance the number of early diagnoses. OBJECTIVES: 1) to describe difficulties of contact endoscopy related to mouth and lip (contact microstomatoscopy); 2) test the regular used criteria in other sites 3) describe objective parameters for applying Cellularity criterion; 4) compare diagnoses of contact microstomatoscopy in relation to lesions of the lower lip vermilion area (LVA) to anatomopathological diagnoses. CASUISTICS: 31 examinations were included in the Initial Study: 21 lip lesions and 10 oral lesions. In the Final Study, there were 69 examinations: 53 of lip vermilion area and 16 of lip mucosa with no lesion. METHODS: This study was prospective, the cases were not consecutive, the contact endoscope Storz 8715 A and toluidine blue were used. The experiment was divided into Initial Study (objectives 1 and 2) and Final Study (objectives 3 and 4). In the first study, oral and lip lesions were the focus, only in vivo examinations and without directed biopsy. In the second study, lower LVA lesions were the focus, only ex vivo cases related to and the biopsy was directed. The Cellularity criterion was divided into ranges in accordance with manual count of every malignant and benign lesion cells. Regression analyses and the Kendall`s correlation test were assessed. RESULTS: Lack of image clearness occurred in 100% of the cases; the criteria, when altered, defined malignancy through contact microstomatoscopy. In the Final Study, Kendall test was significant in relation to the criteria. Cellularity criterion was divided into four ranges: Minimum Risk (MNR) with less then 43 cells, Low Risk (LR) with 44 to 63 cells, Medium Risk (MR) with 64 to 83 cells, and High Risk (HR) with more than 84 cells. Regression analysis indicated that Stratification and Cellularity criteria, as well as both grouped ranges MNR and LR, were significant in relation to diagnosis of malignancy. False-negatives did not occur; in addition, false-positives represented 9.4%. Sensitivity to diagnosis of malignancy was 100%, 88% of specificity, 70.5% of positive predicted value, 100% of negative predictive value, and 90.3% of accuracy. CONCLUSION: Difficulties encountered (contact of the equipment with anatomic surface, sliding of the equipment, slight tremors, and lack of image clearness) did not stop the accomplishment of the procedure. All criteria were observed and correlated. The ranges MR and LR, when grouped, confirmed the significance of the division into ranges. Sensitivity and Specificity were high and presented good positive predictive value in relation to diagnosis of malignant lesions of lower lip vermilion area. This study suggests that contact microstomatoscopy may be applied to diagnosis of oral and lip lesions and, especially, of lower LVA
 
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Publishing Date
2009-01-21
 
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