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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2016.tde-06012016-163011
Document
Author
Full name
Alex Lederman
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Erasmo Simao da (President)
Aun, Ricardo
Miranda Junior, Fausto
Pereira, Paulo Roberto Bueno
Silva, Jose Carlos Costa Baptista da
Title in Portuguese
Indução de aneurisma em aorta abdominal de porcos: um modelo endovascular
Keywords in Portuguese
Aneurisma aórtico
Cloreto de cálcio
Elastase pancreática
Fenômenos biomecânicos
Modelos animais
Procedimentos endovasculares
Suínos
Abstract in Portuguese
A ruptura do aneurisma da aorta abdominal está entre as principais causas de óbito. A alta morbi-mortalidade associada à ruptura e tratamento dos aneurismas representa um grande desafio aos médicos e um alto risco aos pacientes. Apesar dos modelos experimentais serem úteis para compreendermos, treinarmos, testar novos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos para esta doença, os modelos existentes até o momento ainda não são os ideais. Nos modelos existentes, os animais são muito pequenos e não representam a doença nos humanos, ou o procedimento envolve laparotomia, ou o comportamento do aneurisma criado não é semelhante ao de um aneurisma verdadeiro. Desenvolvemos, a partir de uma abordagem minimamente invasiva, um método eficiente de induzirmos a formação de um aneurisma verdadeiro na aorta abdominal infrarrenal de porcos Large White. Os animais foram submetidos a indução química a partir de uma aplicação por via endovascular de cloreto de cálcio a 25% ou elastase pancreática suína. Os animais controles foram submetidos a tratamento com soro fisiológico (NaCl 0,9%). Todos os animais foram submetidos à mesma técnica operatória, sob anestesia geral. Os animais foram acompanhados com exames ultrassonográficos com Doppler semanalmente, e as aortas colhidas para testes biomecânicos e análise histológica após 4 semanas. Apesar das aortas tratadas com elastase apresentarem apenas dilatação, estudos de imagens, histológicos e biomecânicos mostraram que as aortas tratadas com cloreto de cálcio evoluíram para aneurismas verdadeiros, com comportamento biomecânico semelhante ao dos aneurismas de humanos. Estes resultados/achados indicam que a abordagem endovascular para a indução de aneurisma é factível e não ocasiona uma fibrose retroperitoneal
Title in English
Endovascular model of abdominal aortic aneurysm induction in swine
Keywords in English
Animal model
Aortic aneurysm
Biomechanical phenomena
Calcium Chloride, Pancreatic elastase
Endovascular procedure
Swines
Abstract in English
Abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture are among the main causes of death. The high morbidity and mortality associated with aneurysm rupture and repair represents a challenge for surgeons and high risk for patients. Although experimental models are useful to understand, train, and develop new treatment and diagnostic methods for this disease, animal models developed to date are far from ideal. Animals are either too small and do not represent the pathology of humans, or the procedures employ laparotomy, or the aortic behavior does not resemble that of a true aneurysm. We developed a novel, less invasive and effective method to induce true aortic aneurysms in Large White pigs. Animals were submitted to an endovascular chemical induction using either calcium chloride (25%) or swine pancreatic elastase. Controls were exposed to saline solution. All animals were operated on using the same surgical technique under general anesthesia. They were followed weekly with ultrasound examinations and at 4 weeks the aorta was harvested. Although elastase induced only arterial dilation, imaging, histological, and biomechanical studies of the aorta revealed the formation of true aneurysms in animals exposed to calcium chloride. Aneurysms in the latter group had biomechanical failure properties similar to those of human aneurysms. These findings indicate that the endovascular approach is viable and does not cause retroperitoneal fibrosis
 
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Publishing Date
2016-01-06
 
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