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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2011.tde-24052011-121744
Document
Author
Full name
Nelson Samesima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Pastore, Carlos Alberto (President)
Chagas, Antonio Carlos Palandri
Germiniani, Hélio
Medeiros, Paulo de Tarso Jorge
Pedrosa, Anisio Alexandre Andrade
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização do padrão da ativação elétrica ventricular de indivíduos portadores de ressincronizador cardíaco através do mapeamento eletrocardiográfico de superfície
Keywords in Portuguese
Insuficiência cardíaca
Mapeamento potencial de superfície corporal
Terapia de ressincronização cardíaca
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Os benefícios na morbi-mortalidade obtidos pela terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca estão bem estabelecidos. Métodos invasivos e não invasivos têm sido utilizados para identificar aqueles que realmente se beneficiarão da TRC, mas 30% destes pacientes não apresentam melhora clínica/funcional. Poucos estudos avaliaram o comportamento elétrico dos pacientes submetidos à TRC. OBJETIVO: Utilizamos um método não invasivo, o mapeamento eletrocardiográfico de superfície (MES) para caracterizar o padrão da ativação elétrica ventricular em pacientes após a TRC. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 91 pacientes submetidos à TRC, com insuficiência cardíaca e bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE), sendo 36 excluídos devido a FA (20), BRD (3), cardiopatias hipertrófica (3) e congênita (1) ou dependentes de marcapasso antes da TRC (9). Idade média:61±10 anos, FEVE:0,28±0,9, QRS:182±24ms, classe funcional NYHA: III(78%) e IV(22%). Com o ressincronizador ligado e desligado, todos realizaram o MES, o qual fornece 87 derivações simultâneas (58 anteriores e 29 posteriores). Os mapas isócronos obtidos pelo MES forneceram os tempos de ativação ventricular (TAV) global máximo e médio nas 87 derivações. Os TAVs obtidos foram regionalizados, sendo calculados os valores médios nas áreas do VD, do septo e do VE. Analisamos a diferença do TAV entre o VD e o VE, entre o septo e o VD e entre o septo e o VE, definidos como TAV Inter-Regional. Utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis, Fisher. Nível de significância: P0.05. RESULTADOS: O MES durante ritmo sinusal e BRE mostrou que os pacientes apresentavam prolongado TAV Global máximo e médio (138ms e 64,8ms, respectivamente) com significativa diferença Regional (54,5 x 56,4 x 95,9ms; p<0,0001; VD, septo e VE, respectivamente). A TRC reduziu o TAV Global máximo (138ms x 131ms; p=0,007) e o TAV Regional do VE (95,9 x 77,3ms; p=0,001). Houve aumento do TAV Regional do VD (54,5 x 78,9ms; p=0,001), sem alteração do TAV Regional do septo (56,4 x 59,6ms; p=ns). O comportamento do TAV Inter-Regional foi: Redução do TAV VE-VD (43,8 x 17,0ms; p=0,001) e do TAV septo-VE (42,6 x 16,3ms; p=0,001) e aumento do TAV septo-VD (6,9 x 16,0ms; p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: O Mapeamento Eletrocardiográfico de Superfície possibilitou a caracterização detalhada da ativação elétrica ventricular de pacientes portadores de ressincronizador cardíaco através do comportamento elétrico global, regional e Inter-Regional durante ritmo sinusal com bloqueio de ramo esquerdo e estimulação biventricular
Title in English
Body surface potential mapping characterization of the ventricular electrical activation pattern of individuals with cardiac resynchronization device
Keywords in English
Body surface potential mapping
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
Heart failure
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: The benefits of lower morbidity and mortality obtained with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure are already well established. Invasive and noninvasive methods have been used to identify those who will really benefit from CRT, however 30% of these patients do not improve clinically/functionally. Few studies evaluated the cardiac electrical development of patients undergoing CRT. OBJECTIVE: To obtain through the body surface potential mapping (BSPM), a noninvasive approach, characterization of the ventricular electrical activation development in patients after CRT. METHODS: We studied 91 patients with heart failure and left bundle-branch block (LBBB) who underwent CRT, 36 of whom were excluded for AF (20), RBBB (3), hypertrophic (3) or congenital (1) cardiomyopathy, or depended upon a pacemaker before CRT (9). Mean age was 61±10 years, LVEF 0.28±0.9, QRSd 182±24ms, NYHA functional class III(78%) and IV(22%). All underwent BSPM examination of 87 simultaneous leads (58 on the anterior chest, 29 on the back) with the resynchronization device on, then in intrinsic rhythm and LBBB (device off). The BSPM isochronal maps provided maximal and mean global ventricular activation times (VAT) for all the 87 leads. From VATs thus obtained, separate mean values for the RV, septum and LV areas were then calculated. VAT differences between RV-LV, septum-RV and septum-LV, were analyzed and denominated inter-regional VATs. Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis and Fisher statistics were used, with P.05 established as the significance level. RESULTS: During sinus rhythm/LBBB the BSPM showed patients evidencing prolonged maximal and mean global VATs (138ms and 64.8ms, respectively), with significant regional differences (54.5 vs 56.4 vs 95.9ms; RV, septum and LV, respectively; p<0.0001). CRT reduced the maximal global VAT (138ms vs 131ms; p=0.007) and the LV regional VAT (95.9 vs 77.3ms; p=0.001). The RV regional VAT increased (54.5 vs 78.9ms; p=0.001), with no alteration of the septum regional VAT (56.4 vs 59.6ms; p=ns). The inter-regional VAT developed as follows: decrease in VATLV-RV (43.8 vs 17.0ms; p=0.001) and VATseptum-LV (42.6 vs 16.3ms; p=0.001), and increase in VATseptum-RV (6.9 vs 16.0ms; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: The body surface potential mapping permitted a detailed characterization of the ventricular electrical activation of patients carrying a cardiac resynchronization device, by mapping the global, regional and inter-regional electrical activation development during sinus rhythm with left bundle-branch block, and in biventricular pacing
 
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Publishing Date
2011-05-25
 
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