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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.48.2018.tde-11042018-124147
Document
Author
Full name
Leticia Rocha de Abreu Sodré Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Kishimoto, Tizuko Morchida (President)
Barbosa, Maria Carmen Silveira
Girardello, Gilka Elvira Ponzi
Title in Portuguese
Contação de histórias e dialogia na educação infantil: uma experiência educativa
Keywords in Portuguese
Contação de histórias
Dialogia
Educação infantil
Fala infantil
Mediação
Psicologia cultural
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente investigação, de natureza qualitativa (Denzin e Lincoln, 2000), foi um estudo de caso (Creswell, 1998) com observação participante. A pesquisadora que exercia a função de contadora de histórias na escola de Educação Infantil onde a pesquisa foi realizada semanalmente, durante o ano letivo de 2015, fez uso da narração oral de contos tradicionais para crianças de quatro anos e meio a cinco anos e meio de idade com a finalidade de compreender de que modo elas estruturavam suas falas e sobre que temas problematizavam nessas oportunidades. Posteriormente tal objetivo foi ampliado para investigar de que modo a contação de histórias, aliada ao exercício dialógico, poderia servir às crianças como uma experiência educativa (Dewey, 1959a). Tais encontros semanais foram registrados em áudio e vídeo e os diálogos entre as crianças e a pesquisadora foram posteriormente transcritos e analisados com relação à sua estrutura, a partir de elementos levantados da obra de Bruner (1974; 1986; 1990a; 1990b; 1997a; 1997b; 1999; 2001; 2003), Egan (2002) e Machado (2015); assim como os temas mais problematizados foram destacados e analisados com amparo em literatura específica. Constatamos que as crianças se comunicam de maneira subjetiva, intertextual e imprimindo em suas falas uma espécie de amostra concentrada do que comunica o senso comum, de forma marcadamente binária. Notamos também a essencialidade da mediação do adulto para que não venham a ser reforçados estereótipos e preconceitos. Percebemos que a narração de contos, nesta investigação, foi grande provocadora de conexões com aquilo que as crianças já possuíam de referências do seu universo cultural. Já a prática de um diálogo voltado ao compartilhamento de sensações, pensamentos e imagens internas lhes possibilitou um reconhecimento e uma compreensão mais clara dos seus conhecimentos prévios (Bakhtin, 1992b). Em vista de tal alargamento de margens, e considerando-o como fruto da reflexão e mobilização de esforços das crianças e da pesquisadora, concluímos que houve, nesse contexto, exemplos de uma experiência educativa.
Title in English
Storytelling and dialogy in early childhood education: and educational experience
Keywords in English
Childrens education
Cultural psychology
Dialogy
Infatile speech
Mediation
Storytelling
Abstract in English
This present investigation is qualitative one (Denzin e Lincoln, 2000). It was a case study (Creswell, 1998) with the participation of the researcher. The researcher was also the oral storyteller at the school of childrens education where the research was made, on a weekly basis, during the year of 2015. The oral storytelling of traditional stories for children from four and a half years and five and a half years was used aiming at understanding how the kids structure their sayings and at knowing what themes they could hold as an issue in such occasions. Soon such objective was enlarged in order to investigate how oral storytelling together with the practice of dialogy could provide the children with an educational experience (Dewey, 1959a). Such weekly meetings were registered in audio and video, and the dialogues among the kids and the researcher were taken in writing and analysed with reference to their structure based on elements referred to in the works of Bruner (1974; 1986; 1990a; 1990b; 1997a; 1997b; 1999; 2001; 2003), Egan (2002) and Machado (2015). The themes that were more often brought to as problems or issues were object of attention and analyzed with the support of relevant literature. We hold that children communicate in a subjective and intercontextual way, and that they stress in their sayings a sort of concentrated common sense, in an impressive binary form. We also notice the importance of mediation by an adult (the researcher) in order to avoid stereotypes and prejudices. We also notice that the storytellings provoked connections with pieces of knowledge that the children had already from their cultural background. The practice of dialogues guides to the sharing of feelings, thoughts and inner images provided them with a clearer recollection and understanding of their previous pieces of knowledge (Bakhtin, 1992b). In view of the practical enlargement of the focus of the research due to the actual reflection and the efforts of the kids together with the researcher, we come to conclusion that there were examples of educational experience.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-04-25
 
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