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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.48.2017.tde-07082017-161218
Document
Author
Full name
Louisa Campbell Mathieson
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Bontempi Junior, Bruno (President)
Boto, Carlota Josefina Malta Cardozo dos Reis
Campos, Raquel Discini de
Paulilo, André Luiz
Salvadori, Maria Angela Borges
Title in Portuguese
Vozes impressas: a reforma de 1920 em pauta na imprensa paulista
Keywords in Portuguese
Antonio de Sampaio Doria
Diretoria Geral da Instrução Pública de São Paulo
Imprensa paulista
Recenseamento escolar de 1920
Reforma de 1920
Abstract in Portuguese
O analfabetismo da população nas primeiras décadas do século XX foi tomado como grave problema político-social. Para combatê-lo com exíguos recursos, a Reforma da Instrução Pública de São Paulo de 1920, estruturada por Antonio de Sampaio Doria, propôs a redução da duração do ensino primário de quatro para dois anos, de modo a ampliar o número de vagas. Essa medida viria a ser lembrada pela história da educação brasileira como a marca da reforma, juntamente com a ideia de que ela teria sido amplamente refutada. Para averiguar a movimentação que a Reforma de 1920 gerou em sua época, tivemos por objetivo principal acompanhar sua repercussão em jornais paulistas entre maio de 1920 e maio de 1921, analisando o jogo de forças de apoio e oposição. Tomamos a imprensa como força ativa da conjuntura, criando sentidos e promovendo a interpolação entre Estado e sociedade civil, dando a ver as disputas cotidianas que a reforma enfrentou e produziu. A partir da teoria do agendamento, observamos a construção da pauta em torno da reforma ao longo de várias semanas. Nossas fontes principais são edições dos diários Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo e Jornal do Commercio, edição de S. Paulo, eventualmente complementadas por A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular e O Combate. A tese acompanha a pauta da imprensa, com enfoque em três temas: o recenseamento escolar, a constitucionalidade do Projeto de Lei n.º 47 de 1920 e as conferências proferidas por Sampaio Doria. A reforma recebeu dos órgãos da imprensa tratamento variado, ora polêmico, ora sensacionalista, ora eminentemente jurídico. Também as vozes impressas nos jornais mereceram cuidados distintos, como as opiniões de jurisconsultos e as emanadas de educadores. Embora a Reforma de 1920 tenha sido alvo de polêmicas, a análise deste corpus permite aferir que, no que tange à imprensa, a oposição não foi unânime, tampouco proveniente do campo educacional.
Title in English
Imprinted voices: the 1920 reform on the agenda in the Sao Paulo press
Keywords in English
1920 reform
Antonio de Sampaio Doria
General Direction of the Public Instruction of Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo press
School census of 1920
Abstract in English
The illiteracy of the population in the first decades of the twentieth century was taken as a serious socio-political problem. In order to combat it with scarce resources, the 1920 Reform of the Public Instruction of Sao Paulo, structured by Antonio de Sampaio Doria, proposed to reduce the duration of the primary education from four to two years, hence increasing the school places. This measure came to be known in the history of Brazilian education as the hallmark of the reform, along with the idea that it would have been the target of strong opposition. To investigate the movement that the 1920 Reform generated, we had as main objective to accompany its repercussion in the Sao Paulo newspapers from May 1920 to May 1921, analyzing both support and opposition forces. We take the press as an active force of the conjuncture that creates meanings and promotes the interpolation between State and civil society, evidencing the daily disputes that the reform faced and produced. Based on the agendasetting theory, we observed the setting of an agenda around the reform over several weeks. Our main sources are the newspapers Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo and the Sao Paulo edition of Jornal do Commercio, eventually complemented by A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular and O Combate. The thesis follows the press publications, focusing on three themes: the school census, the constitutionality of Bill No. 47 of 1920 and the lectures given by Sampaio Doria. The reform received from the press varied treatment, now controversial, now sensationalist, now eminently legal. Also the voices imprinted in the newspapers received different care, as the opinions of jurisconsults and those of educators. Even though the 1920 Reform was subject of controversy, the analysis of the corpus allows us to assess that, as far as the press is concerned, the opposition was not unanimous, neither came from the educational field.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-08-31
 
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