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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.48.2000.tde-04112014-135113
Document
Author
Full name
Elie George Guimaraes Ghanem Junior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2000
Supervisor
Committee
Beisiegel, Celso de Rui (President)
Esposito, Marilia Pontes
Fischer, Nilton Bueno
Haddad, Sergio
Soares, Maria Victoria de Mesquita Benevides
Title in Portuguese
Educação escolar e democracia no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Brasil
Democracia
Educação escolar
Abstract in Portuguese
Empreende um esforço para organizar o pensamento sobre a relação entre educação escolar e democracia no Brasil. A hipótese principal do trabalho é que as exigências atuais da democracia impõem mudanças no modelo de educação escolar republicano, que prevaleceu ao longo deste século. Esboça os elementos de uma relação coerente entre educação escolar e democracia, explorando os limites das abordagens mais importantes do tema no Brasil. Adota como referência o conceito de democracia elaborado por Alain Touraine, concebida como sistema político que articula Estado e sociedade civil, universalismo da razão e particularismo das identidades culturais, oferecendo as condições públicas da liberdade expressada na afirmação do sujeito pessoal. O mesmo conceito compreende três dimensões constitutivas e interdependentes da democracia: o respeito aos direitos fundamentais (que limita o poder do Estado), a representatividade social dos atores políticos e a cidadania. Assim definida a democracia, examina-se como a educação escolar vem se relacionando com ela, tendo em vista o afastamento, a aproximação ou a eqüidistância (indiferença) entre ambas. Faz-se isso colocando em destaque os principais aspectos que têm sido abordados na perspetiva de adequar a educação escolar à democracia. Primeiro, a democratização do acesso à escola. A seguir, a democratização do ensino, tanto referente à representação das categorias sociais nos diferentes níveis e escolas quanto referente às relações de poder entre professor e alunos. Na seqüência, vem o tema da formação de personalidades democráticas, nas relações entre a educação escolar e a ética assim como na democratização da gestão escolar. Trata também do sistema escolar como uma organização burocrática, concluindo que uma democratização conseqüente desse sistema determinaria a alteração da própria natureza dessa organização. Com esse raciocínio, introduz a parte final que, discutindo o problema da qualidade da educação, questiona o modelo de educação escolar concebido como transmissão e sua incongruência com uma idéia de democracia assentada na liberdade do sujeito (educador e educando). Finalmente, é colocada a hipótese de que a máxima aproximação e, pois, a relação adequada e coerente entre democracia e educação escolar poderia estar na identificação entre esta última e a produção de conhecimento.
Title in English
School education and democracy in Brazil
Keywords in English
Brazil
Democracy
School education
Abstract in English
An effort is needed to undertake organizing the thought about the relation between school education and democracy in Brazil. The main hypothesis of this work is that democracys current demands call for changes in the republican school education model, which has prevailed throughout this century. It outlines the elements of a coherent relation between school education and democracy, exploring the limits of the most important approaches on this theme in Brazil. It adopts, as reference, the concept of democracy as defined by Alain Touraine, conceived as a political system that links the State with civil society, the universalizaty of reason and the particular traits of cultural identities, and offers public conditions of liberty which are expressed in the affirmation of a personal subject. The same concept comprehends three constitutive and interdependent dimensions of democracy: the respect of fundamental rights (that limit the power of the State), the social representation of political actors and citizenship. With democracy thus defined, school education is examined in its relationship to it, considering the distance, the proximity or the equidistance (indifference) between the two. This is done by highlighting the principal aspects that have been addressed in the perspective of adequating school education to democracy. First, the democratization of access to school. Then, the democratization of teaching, both with reference to the social categories that are represented on different levels and schools, as with power relations between teachers and students. Following this is the theme of forming democratic personalities, the relation between school education and ethics as well as the democratization of school management. It also addresses the school system as a bureaucratic organization and concludes that a consequent democratization of this system would determine a change in the very nature of this organization. With this reasoning, it introduces a final part that, while discussing the problem of quality in education, questions the model of school education conceived as transmission and its incongruence with the idea of democracy based on individual liberty (educator and student). Finally, a hypothesis is made affirming that a greater proximity and, therefore, an adequate and coherent relationship between democracy and school education could lie in identifying the latter with the production of knowledge.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-10-22
 
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