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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.47.2018.tde-06022018-092738
Document
Author
Full name
Mariana Antonia Aguiar Furucho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Peláez, Francisco Javier Ropero (President)
Costa, Marcelo Fernandes da
Kitani, Edson Caoru
Silva Filho, Antonio Carlos Roque da
Simões, Alexandre da Silva
Souza, Fábio Marques Simões de
Title in Portuguese
Modelo neurocomputacional dos estágios iniciais da doença de Alzheimer
Keywords in Portuguese
Doença de Alzheimer
GABA-A
Hipermetabolismo
Koniocortex
Modelo computacional
Normalização
Plasticidade intrínseca
Redução de estímulos sensoriais
Abstract in Portuguese
Há evidências convincentes de que o início da doença de Alzheimer é precedido por uma redução de estímulos sensoriais, como ocorre durante a aposentadoria, catarata, surdez e degeneração macular, em um cérebro idoso que apresenta deficiência de receptores tipo GABAA. Neste trabalho foi utilizado um modelo computacional fenomenológico do koniocortex, que é a primeira camada cortical que recebe estímulos sensoriais, adaptado para simular as fases iniciais da doença de Alzheimer. A arquitetura e as propriedades dos neurônios do modelo computacional do koniocortex se assemelham as do cérebro, sendo também capaz de aprender, permitindo com isso que a memória de curto prazo seja testada em qualquer momento. Usando o modelo computacional é possível também analisar as fases iniciais da doença de Alzheimer simulando o "envelhecimento" do koniocortex artificial através de um conjunto de parâmetros referentes à plasticidade intrínseca, à acetilcolina, aos estímulos sensoriais, ao pruning sináptico, entre outros. O modelo computacional revela que, quando o envelhecimento afeta os neurônios que expressam receptores GABA-A ocorrendo na sequência uma redução dos estímulos sensoriais, o resultado dessa cascata de eventos leva ao hipermetabolismo e ao início da fase de deposição excessiva das placas -amiloide
Title in English
Neurocomputational model of the initial phases of Alzheimer's disease
Keywords in English
Alzheimers disease
Computational model
GABA-A
Hypermetabolism
Intrinsic plasticity
Koniocortex
Normalization
Reduction of sensory stimuli
Abstract in English
There is compelling evidence that Alzheimers disease onset is preceded by a reduction of sensory stimuli like during job retirement, cataract, deafness or even macular degeneration, over an aged brain with impaired GABA-A receptor inhibitions. In this paper, was adapted a phenomenological computational model of the koniocortex which is the first cortical layer that receives sensory stimuli to simulate the initial phases of Alzheimers disease. The architecture and neurons properties of the modeled koniocortex resemble those of the brain, so that the model is also able to learn, thereby allowing the assessment of short-term memory at any moment. By using the computational model, it is possible to analyze the initial phases of Alzheimers disease by aging the artificial koniocortex through a set of parameters related to intrinsic plasticity, acetylcholine, sensory stimuli, synaptic pruning, among others. The computational model shows that when aging occurs in such way that GABA-A receptor expressing neurons are affected, and, in the sequence, a reduction of sensory stimuli takes place, the result of this cascade of events leads to hypermetabolism and to the initial phase excessive deposition of beta-amyloid plaques
 
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furucho_corrigida.pdf (8.25 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2018-02-20
 
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