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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.2016.tde-17082016-075333
Document
Author
Full name
Marcílio Martins de Moraes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Kato, Massuo Jorge (President)
Baader, Josef Wilhelm
Fernandes, João Batista
Lago, João Henrique Ghilardi
Stevani, Cassius Vinicius
Title in Portuguese
Biossíntese da pellucidina A em Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK
Keywords in Portuguese
Biossíntese
Conversão enzimática
Fitoquímica
P. pellucida
Pellucidina A
Piperaceae
Abstract in Portuguese
Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae) (erva de jaboti) é uma herbácea amplamente encontrada nos trópicos e que possui diversas propriedades biológicas. Seus estudos fitoquímicos haviam demonstrado a presença da pellucidina A, uma rara dinorlignana ciclobutânica, que seria formada por acoplamento oxidativo de 2,4,5- triidroxi-estireno seguido de metilações. Nesse trabalho, foram caracterizados o ácido 2,4,5-trimetoxi-cinâmico, 2,4,5-trimetoxi-estireno, 2,4,5-trimetoxi-benzaldeído, dilapiol, 5,6,7-trimetoxi-flavona, sesamina, além da pellucidina A. Estudos de aspectos dinâmicos envolvidos na formação da pellucidina A incluíram a ontogenia e respostas à diferentes tratamentos como estresse hídrico, predação por herbívoros, ácido jasmônico e luz UV360. O tratamento com ácido jasmônico resultou num significativo incremento do dilapiol enquanto que, o tratamento sob luz UV360 resultou no aumento na produção da pellucidina A sugerindo um mecanismo de cicloadição [2+2] para sua biossíntese. A administração de diferentes precursores in vivo revelou que a L-[2-13C]- fenilalanina (0,75%), ácido [8-13C]-cinâmico (1,32%), ácido [8-13C]-ferúlico (0,51%), ácido 2,4,5-trimetoxi-[8-13C]-cinâmico (7,9%) e o 2,4,5-trimetoxi-estireno (13,3%) foram incorporados à pellucidina A. Ensaios de conversão enzimática indicaram a descarboxilação do ácido 2,4,5-trimetoxi-cinâmico em 2,4,5-trimetoxi-estireno enquanto que o 2,4,5-trimetoxi-estireno foi dimerizado em pellucidina A através da reação de cicloadição [2+2] sensibilizada pela presença da 5,6,7-trimetoxi-flavona (18,45%), tal qual a benzofenona (11,15%). Assim, sugere-se a sequência L-fenilalanina, ácido cinâmico, ácido 2,4,5-trimetoxi-cinâmico, 2,4,5-trimetoxi-estireno e pellucidina A, sendo a última etapa através de mecanismo fotoquímico tendo como sensibilizador a 5,6,7-trimetoxi-flavona.
Title in English
Biosynthesis of pellucidin A in Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK
Keywords in English
Biosynthesis
Enzymatic conversion
P. pellucida
Pellucidin A
Phytochemistry
Piperaceae
Abstract in English
Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae) (erva de jaboti) is an herbaceous plant that is widespread in the tropics and have several biological properties. Previous reports described the presence of pellucidin A, a rare dinorlignan having the unique cyclobutane moiety, that was supposedly formed by oxidative coupling of the precursor 2,4,5-trihydroxy-styrene followed by methylations steps. In this study, a comprehensive phytochemical study resulted in the description of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-cinnamic acid, 5,6,7-trimethoxy-flavone, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-styrene, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-benzaldehyde, dillapiol and sesamin in addition to pellucidin A. Studies of the dynamic aspects involved in the formation of pellucidin A included changes during ontogeny and responses to different treatments such as drought stress, herbivory, jasmonic acid and UV360 light. The treatment with jasmonic acid resulted in a significant increase in dillapiol whereas treatment under UV360 light resulted in an increase in production of pellucidin A, suggesting that a cycloaddition [2+2] mechanism is involved in its formation. The in vivo administration of different precursors to plants of P. pellucida revealed that L-[2-13C]-phenylalanine (0.75%), [8-13C]-cinnamic acid (1.32%), [8-13C]-ferulic acid (0.51%) 2,4,5-trimethoxy-[8-13C]-cinnamic acid (7.9%) and 2,4,5-trimethoxy-[8-13C]-styrene (13.3%) were incorporated into pellucidin A. The enzymatic conversion assays indicated decarboxylation of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-cinnamic acid into 2,4,5-trimethoxy-styrene while the 2,4,5-trimethoxy-styrene was dimerized in the pellucidin A by cycloaddition reaction [2+2] sensitized by 5,6,7-trimethoxy-flavone (18.45%), as well as by benzophenone (11.15%). Thus, we suggest the sequence L-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-cinnamic acid, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-styrene and pellucidin A, the last step being carried out by a photochemical mechanism having 5,6,7- trimethoxy-flavone as a sensitizer.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-10-25
 
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