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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.2019.tde-15022019-145156
Document
Author
Full name
Paulo Firmino Moreira Junior
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Quina, Frank Herbert (President)
Catalani, Luiz Henrique
Gehlen, Marcelo Henrique
Neumann, Miguel Guillermo
Petri, Denise Freitas Siqueira
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da dinâmica de equilíbrio ácido- base de antocianinas
Keywords in Portuguese
Antocianinas
Base-quinoidal
Cátion flavílio
Efeito pH
Eq. ácido-base
Flash fotólise
Flavonóides (Estudo)
Fotoquímica orgânica
Hexametilflavílio
Malvidina
Malvina
Oenina
Pka
Produtos naturais
Transiente absorção
Abstract in Portuguese
Ao ser excitado do estado fundamental para o estado singlete excitado, o Pka do equilíbrio ácido-base das antocianinas apresenta um deslocamento de ca. 4 para ca. -1. Esta característica de superfotoácido, aliado à técnica de fotólise por pulso de laser, permite a perturbação da posição do equilíbrio ácido-base no estado fundamental. O acompanhamento da cinética de reestabelecimento do equilíbrio inicial, existente antes do pulso do laser, permite a determinação das constantes de desprotonação kd e protonação kp no estado fundamental. Este método foi aplicado para a determinação das constantes de protonação e desprotonação das seguintes antocianinas sintéticas e naturais: 4-metil-7-hidroxiflavílio (HMF), 4', 7-dihidroxiflavílio (DHF), malvidina-3-glucosídeo (Oenina), malvidina-3,5-diglucosídeo (Malvina), pelargonidina-3,5-diglucosídeo (Pelargonina) e cianidina-3 ,5-diglucosídeo (Cianina). Assim, as constantes de desprotonação do estado fundamental são: kd = 1,4 x 106 s-1 (HMF), 3,1 x 106 s-1 (DHF), 5, 1 x 106 s-1 (Oenina), 3,8 x 106 s-1 (Malvina), 1,3 x 106 s-1 (Pelargonina) e 1,8 x 106 s-1 (Cianina). As constantes de protonação do estado fundamental são:kp = 3,56 x 1010 L mol-1 s-1 (HMF), 3,06 x 1010 L mol-1s-1 (DHF), 2,51 x 1010 L mol-1s-1 (Oenina), 2,9 x 1010 L mol-1s-1 (Malvina), 3,6 x 1010 L mol-1s-1 (Pelargonina) e 2,2 x 1010 L mol-1s-1 (Cianina). Nosso método é a única técnica que permite a determinação direta destas constantes. Este método também permite a determinação de kd e kp em meios micro-heterogêneos. Através de medidas de kd , foi possível provar que ocorre a estabilização do cátion flavílio de HMF em micelas aniônicas de SOS (dodecilsulfato de sódio). Em micelas não iônicas e catiônicas, por outro lado, ocorre a desestabilização do cátion flavílio, que se manifesta através do aparecimento de reatividade ausente em solução aquosa. Os resultados da aplicação deste método revelam ainda que o principal processo de dissipação da energia da luz, absorvida pelas antocianinas, é a transferência de próton no estado excitado e não a fluorescência.
Title in English
Study of acid-base balance dynamics of anthocyanins
Keywords in English
Acid-base Eq.
Anthocyanins
Base quinoidal
Flash photolysis
Flavilium cation
Flavonoids (Study)
Hexamethylflavium
Malvidin
Malvina
Natural products
Oenine
Organic photochemistry
pH effect
Pka
Transient absorption
Abstract in English
Upon excitation from the ground state to the first excited singlet state, the pKa of the acid-base equilibrium of anthocyanins exhibits a large shift, from ca. 4 to ca. -1. This characteristic of super-photoacidity, coupled with the technique of laser flash photolysis, can be employed to perturb the position of the acid-base equilibrium in the ground state. Monitoring the kinetics of relaxation back to the initial equilibrium position that existed prior to the laser pulse permits determination of the rate constants for protonation (kp) and deprotonation (kd) in the ground state. This method was applied to the following natural and synthetic anthocyanins: 4-methyl-7-hydroxyflavylium (HMF); 4', 7-dihydroxyflavylium (DHF); malvidine-3-glucoside (Oenin); malvidine-3,5-diglucoside (Malvin); Pelargonidine-3,5-diglucoside (Pelargonin); and. cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside (Cyanin). Thus, the ground state deprotonation rate constants (kd) for the acid form were found to be: 1.4 x 106 s-1 (HMF); 3.1 x 106 s-1 (DHF); 5.1 x 106 s-1 (Oenin); 3.8 x 106 s-1 (Malvin); 1.3 x 106 s-1 (Pelargonin); 1.8 x 106 s-1 (Cyanin). The corresponding rate constants for protonation of the ground state of the base (kp) were: 3.6 x 1010 M-1s-1 (HMF); 3.1 x 1010 M-1s-1 (DHF); 2.5 x 1010 M-1s-1 (Oenin); 2.9 x 1010M-1s-1 (Malvin); 3.6 x 1010 M-1s-1 (Pelargonin); 2.2 x 1010 s-1 (Cyanin). Our method is currently the only one that permits direct determination of these rate constants. This method also allows the determination of kpand kd in microheterogeneous media. Thus, employing measurements of kd, it was possible to demonstrate that anionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) micelles stabilize the flavylium cation form of HMF. In cationic and nonionic micelles, however, the flavylium cation is destabilized, which manifests itself via the appearance of reactivity that is absent in aqueous solution in the absence of these surfactants. Finally, the results of the application of this method show that the primary energy wasting process for radiant energy absorbed by anthocyanins is excited state proton transfer rather than fluorescence.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-02-15
 
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