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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.1988.tde-18032008-150427
Document
Author
Full name
Silvia Helena Pires Serrano
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1988
Supervisor
Committee
Godinho, Oswaldo Espirito Santo
Neves, Eduardo Fausto de Almeida
Oliveira Neto, Graciliano de
Raboczkay, Tibor
Stradiotto, Nelson Ramos
Title in Portuguese
Construção e avaliação de eletrodos de membrana sólida cristalina seletivos a cobre e prata
Keywords in Portuguese
Cobre
Eletrodos de membrana sólida
Prata
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho visou a construção e avaliação de eletrodos de membrana sólida cristalina seletivos a cobre e prata. Obteve-se o sulfeto de prata, material eletroativo usado na preparação de membranas seletivas a íons Ag+, por precipitação com gás sulfídrico em meio ácido. Eletrodos com membranas de 1,0 e 0,50 mm de espessura apresentaram respectivamente limites nernstianos de 10-4 e 10-5 Mol.L-1 e precisão de ± 0,1 e 1 mV nas leituras de potencial. Os sulfetos de cobre e prata, usados na preparação de membranas seletivas para determinação de cobre, foram obtidos por precipitação simultânea com gás sulfídrico, tioacetamida em meio ácido e tiouréia em meio amoniacal. Difratogramas de Raios X revelaram que o material obtido com tiouréia corresponde ao sulfeto ternário, Cu2S.3Ag2S ou Ag1,55Cu0,45S, responsável pela resposta seletiva do sensor em soluções de Cu2+. O eletrodo construído a partir deste sulfeto, onde o cobre aparece no estado monovalente, apresentou limite nernstiano da ordem de10-7Mol.L-1, fornecendo resultados satisfatórios na determinação deste metal em amostras de aguardente e álcool. Cálculos termodinâmicos mostraram que quando membrana é constituída de CuS, um contacto elétrico efetuado através de cobre ou prata é instável, uma vez que ocorre a formação de Cu2S. Os resultados experimentais conduziram a um novo modelo para explicar o mecanismo de resposta do eletrodo, o qual se baseia na reação: Cu2S (memb) + Cu2+ (sol) ↔ CuS (memb) + 2 Cu + (sol). A atividade de Cu+ na interface eletrodo / solução é controlada pela atividade de Cu2+ nas soluções de medida, de modo que o sensor funciona como um eletrodo de Cu2S/CuS em contacto com o sistema Cu2+/Cu+.
Title in English
Construction and evolution copperand silver ion selective electrode based on crystalline solid membranes
Keywords in English
Copper
Ion selective electrodes
Jalpaite
Silver
Sulfide crystalline membranes
Abstract in English
Present work deals with the assembling and testing of solid membrane electrodes for copper and silver. The silver sulphide used to prepare the membrane selective to Ag+ was precipitated with hydrogen sulphide in acidic medium. Electrodes 1,0 and 0,50 mm thick present Nernstian limits of 10-4 and 10-5 Mol.L-1 order with a ± 0,1 and 1 mV respectively. A mixture of silver sulphide and copper sulphides were used for the copper (II) selective electrode. This solid was prepared from Cu2+ and Ag+ in the same solution with hydrogen sulphide or thioacetamide both in acid medium and with thiourea in ammoniacal medium. X-Ray diffractograms shows that the solid prepared from thiourea solutions presents significant contribution of jalpaite Ag1,55Cu0, 45S (in fact Cu2S.3Ag2S). An important finding was the presence of copper (I) in the matrix and this has been also found to the responsible for the higher performance of this electrode with a limiting response to 10-7 Mol.L-1 copper (II). In fact thermodinamic calculation has show instability of a contact of Ag or Cu with CuS solid, as Cu2S must be formed in any case. On this basis, the theory of the electrode is based in the following reaction which takes place on the electrode surface: Cu2S (memb) +CU2+ (sol) ↔ CuS (memb) + 2 Cu+(aq) K = 10-13 M. On this basis the Cu+ activity at the electrode / solution interface is controled by the activity of Cu2+ of the solution and the Cu2+/ Cu+ system in contact with the solid matrix is defined.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-03-20
 
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