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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.2018.tde-24082018-104659
Document
Author
Full name
Lucas Souza Dantas
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Miyamoto, Sayuri (President)
Bydlowski, Sergio Paulo
Gozzo, Fábio Cesar
Medeiros, Marisa Helena Gennari de
Title in Portuguese
Efeito de aldeídos de colesterol na esclerose lateral amiotrófica: estudo em modelo animal e na agregação da SOD1 in vitro
Keywords in Portuguese
Aldeídos de colesterol
Doenças neurodegenerativas
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
Superóxido dismutase
Abstract in Portuguese
Aldeídos de colesterol (Secosterol A e Secosterol B) têm sido detectados em amostras de cérebro humano e investigados em modelos de doenças neurodegenerativas como possíveis marcadores e intermediários do processo patológico. Estes oxisteróis constituem uma classe de eletrófilos derivados de lipídeos que podem modificar e induzir agregação de proteínas. A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo associado ao acúmulo de agregados imunorreativos de superóxido dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD, SOD1). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de aldeídos de colesterol em ratos modelo ELA e sua capacidade de induzir a formação de agregados de SOD1 in vitro. Aldeídos de colesterol foram analisados no plasma, medula espinhal e córtex motor de ratos ELA. Uma quantidade elevada de Secosterol B foi detectada no córtex motor desses ratos em comparação com animais controle. Adicionalmente, os experimentos in vitro mostraram que Secosterol B e Secosterol A induziram a agregação da SOD1 em uma forma amiloidogênica que se liga à tioflavina T. Esta agregação não foi observada com o colesterol e os seus hidroperóxidos. Usando aldeídos de colesterol marcados com grupo alquinil e um ensaio de click chemistry, foi observado que os agregados de SOD1 estão ligados covalentemente aos aldeídos. A modificação covalente da proteína foi confirmada por análise de MALDI-TOF, que mostrou a adição de até cinco moléculas de aldeídos de colesterol à proteína por base de Schiff. Curiosamente, a análise comparativa com outros eletrófilos derivados de lipídeos (e.g. HHE e HNE) demonstrou que a agregação de SOD1 aumentou proporcionalmente à hidrofobicidade dos aldeídos, observando-se a maioragregação com aldeídos de colesterol. Os sítios de modificação da SOD1 foram caracterizados por nanoLC-MS/MS após digestão da proteína com tripsina, onde foram identificadas lisinas como o principal aminoácido modificado. Em geral, nossos dados mostram que a oxidação do colesterol que leva à produção de aldeídos de colesterol é aumentada no cérebro de ratos ELA e que os aldeídos altamente hidrofóbicos derivados de colesterol podem promover eficientemente modificação e agregação de SOD1.
Title in English
Effect of secosterol aldehydes on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: study in animal model and SOD1 aggregation in vitro
Keywords in English
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Neurodegenerative diseases
Secosterol aldehydes
Superoxide dismutase
Abstract in English
Secosterol aldehydes (Secosterol B and Secosterol A) have been detected in human brain samples and investigated in models of neurodegenerative diseases as possible markers and intermediates of the pathological process. These oxysterols constitute a class of lipid-derived electrophiles that can modify and induce aggregation of proteins. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the accumulation of immunoreactive aggregates of superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD, SOD1). The objective of this work is to evaluate the presence of secosterol aldehydes in ALS rats and their ability to induce formation of SOD1 aggregates in vitro. Secosterol aldehydes were analyzed in plasma, spinal cord and motor cortex of ALS rats. A higher amount of Secosterol B was detected in the motor cortex of these rats compared to control animals. In addition, in vitro experiments have shown that Secosterol B and Secosterol A induce aggregation of SOD1 into an amyloidogenic form that binds to thioflavin T. This aggregation was not apparent in incubations with cholesterol and its hydroperoxides. Using alkynyl-labeled secosterol aldehydes and a click chemistry assay, it was found that the SOD1 aggregates are covalently linked to the aldehydes. Covalent modification of the protein was confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis, which showed the addition of up to five molecules of secosterol aldehydes to the protein by Schiff base formation. Interestingly, the comparative analysis with other lipid-derived electrophiles (e.g. HHE and HNE) demonstrated that the aggregation of SOD1 increased according to the hydrophobicity of the aldehydes. Compared to the other electrophiles, a higher SOD1 aggregation was observed with secosterol aldehydes. SOD1 modification sites were characterized by nanoLC-MS/MS afterprotein digestion with trypsin, revealing lysine as the major amino acid modified in these experiments. Collectively, our data show that cholesterol oxidation leads to the production of secosterol aldehydes, which are increased in the brain of ALS rats, and that these highly hydrophobic aldehydes can efficiently promote the modification and aggregation of SOD1.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-08-29
 
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