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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.43.2008.tde-26112008-094456
Document
Author
Full name
Arlene Linke
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Yoshimura, Elisabeth Mateus (President)
Moralles, Mauricio
Tobias, Carmen Cecília Bueno
Title in Portuguese
Espectroscopia de raios X utilizando o espalhamento Compton
Keywords in Portuguese
Física
Física experiemental
Física médica
Radiologia
Abstract in Portuguese
O estudo do espectro de raios X é importante para predizer a qualidade da imagem em sistemas radiográficos. Nesse trabalho usamos um detector semicondutor CdTe para medir os espectros de raios X na faixa de 25 a 120 kVp. Esse detector é pequeno e fácil de ser transportado. As medidas feitas diretamente do tubo de raios X não são aconselháveis devido à alta taxa de fluência que estão acima dos limites de detecção dos detectores usuais e podem causar armadilhamento de carga no detector CdTe. A alternativa é medir os fótons espalhados a 900 a partir de um pequeno objeto espalhador, no nosso caso um cilindro de lucite (PMMA). A partir do espectro espalhado, corrigido para tempo morto e eficiência, e calibrado em energia, efetuamos correções para o ângulo de espalhamento e espalhamento coerente (somente para baixas energias). Só então formalismo de Klein-Nishina para as seções de choque do efeito Compton é aplicado aos espectros, resultando nos espectros primários. Para energia de 120 kVp foi medido um espectro do feixe direto e comparado com o obtido através do espectro espalhado para mesma energia. Para o mesmo feixe, a camada semi-redutora foi avaliada experimentalmente e com o espectro obtido por espalhamento Compton, obtendo-se boa concordância. Observamos na curva de eficiência uma descontinuidade, prevista teoricamente e também observada por outros autores, que deforma o espectro corrigido. Foi aplicado um ajuste polinomial a essa curva, suavizando os espectros obtidos e não alterando sua forma. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e validaram o formalismo apresentado por outros autores, utilizando detectores distintos.
Title in English
X-ray spectroscopy using compton scattering
Keywords in English
Experimental physics
Medical physics
Physics
Radiology
Abstract in English
The analysis of x-ray spectra is important to predict image quality in radiographic systems. In this work we used a semiconductor CdTe detector to measure x-ray spectra with a CdTe detector, in the range from 25 to 120 kVp. The CdTe detector is small and portable. The measurements done directly in the primary X rays beam can be difficult because of the high photon fluence rates that cause significant detector photon pile up, and can cause charge trapping in the CdTe. The alternative is to measure the photons scattered at 900 by a small scattering object, in our case a Lucite cylinder (PMMA). Starting from the scattered spectrum, corrected to dead time and efficiency and calibrated in energy, we made corrections for the scattering angle and coherent scattering (only at low energies). After that, the Klein Nishina cross section for Compton scattering are applied to the spectra, resulting in the primary spectra. For the 120 kVp beam a spectrum of the direct beam was measured and compared to the one obtained it through the scattered spectrum for the same energy. The half value layer of the same spectrum was determined experimentally and through the calculated spectrum, and the agreement was very good. The efficiency curve presents a discontinuity, also observed by other authors and predicted theoretically, that deforms the corrected spectrum. A polynomial fitting was adjusted to the efficiency curve, smoothing the corrected spectra without and not altering its form. The results were satisfactory and they validated the methodology presented by other authors, using different detectors.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-12-04
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • Vieira, A.A., et al. A portable Compton spectrometer for clinical X-ray beams in the energy range 20 150keV [doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.10.011]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes [online], 2011, vol. 69, p. 350-357.
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