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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.43.2017.tde-11102017-132437
Document
Author
Full name
Marcos Henrique Lima de Medeiros
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Luis Gregorio Godoy de Vasconcellos Dias da (President)
Ferreira Júnior, Gerson
Sipahi, Guilherme Matos
Title in Portuguese
Propagação de excitações de carga e spin em isolantes topológicos 2D
Keywords in Portuguese
Efeito Hall quântico
Física computacional
Modelo BHZ
Spintrônica, Isolantes topológicos
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho, nossa principal motivação foi o entendimento da dinâmica de pacotes de onda em isolantes topológicos 2D. Como excitações de carga se movem nesses materiais? De que maneira essas trajetórias dependem das condições iniciais, e de que forma as condições de contorno influenciam nessa dinâmica? Essas foram algumas das perguntas que guiaram nosso trabalho. Através de simulações computacionais, estudamos o movimento de pacotes de onda gaussianos em poços quânticos de HgTe/CdTe. O comportamento de isolante topológico para essa heteroestrutura foi prevista teoricamente no importante trabalho de Bernevig et al. (Science, vol. 314, no. 5806, 2006) e confirmada experimentalmente por König et al. (Science, vol. 318, no. 5851, 2007). Estudando-se a evolução temporal desse sistema, foi possível observar trajetórias que dependem de forma evidente, não apenas da orientação de spin, mas também da orientação de um pseudo-spin proveniente do modelo BHZ. Em sistemas com condições de contorno periódicas em ambas as dimensões e sem a aplicação de campos externos, foram observadas trajetórias com formato de espiral, acompanhadas por um "side-jump" dependente da direção do spin e do pseudo-spin. Em especial, para o caso em que o pseudo-spin está inicialmente orientado na direção-z, as trajetórias espiraladas foram subtituidas por um padrão do tipo "zitterbewegung" dependente de um potencial de "bias". Para sistemas confinados com bordas impenetráveis, observou-se a formação de estados de borda helicais característicos de isolantes topológicos.
Title in English
Propagation of charge and spin excitations on topological insulators
Keywords in English
BHZ model
Computational physics
Quantum Hall effect
Spintronics, Topological insulators
Abstract in English
In this work, our main motivation was the understanding about the dynamics of wave packets in 2D topological insulators. How charge excitations move throughout theses materials? In what way their trajectories depend on the initial conditions, and how boundary conditions change this dynamics? These were some of the questions that have guided us in our work. Using numerical simulations, we have studied the movement of gaussian wave packets in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells. The topological insulator behavior for this heterostructure was theoretically predicted on the important work conducted in 2006 by Bernevig et al. (Science, vol. 314, n. 5806, 2006), and experimentally confirmed by König et al. (Science, vol. 318, no. 5851, 2007) a year later. Studing the time evolution of this system, was possible to observe trajectories that depend evidently, not only from the spin projection, but also from the pseudospin orientation coming from the BHZ model. From simulations with periodic boundary conditions in both of the two dimensions, and without the application of any external fields, we observed spiral trajectories accompanied by a spin and pseudospin dependent side-jump. Especially, for the case in which the pseudospin was iniatially oriented in "z" direction, the spiral trajectories were replaced by a pattern of the type "zitterbewegung" dependent of a bias potential. For the confined systems with barriers of hardwall type, was observed the formation of helical edge states, that is the fingerprint of topological insulators.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-10-17
 
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