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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.43.2018.tde-03122018-144411
Document
Author
Full name
Lissa de Souza Campos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Barata, Joao Carlos Alves (President)
Landulfo, Andre Gustavo Scagliusi
Vanzela, Daniel Augusto Turolla
Title in Portuguese
Os teoremas de singularidade valem se considerarmos efeitos quânticos?
Keywords in Portuguese
Teoremas de Singularidade; Relatividade Geral; Energia Negativa; Desigualdades quânticas de energia; Teoria Quântica de Campos Algébrica.
Abstract in Portuguese
Há duas brechas quânticas nos Teoremas da Singularidade em Relatividade Geral: violações das condições clássicas de energia e flutuações quânticas da geometria do espaço-tempo. Nesta dissertação, estudamos a primeira brecha e abordamos os Teoremas da Singularidade através da condição de energia. Revisamos a abordagem algébrica de Teoria Quântica de Campos para o campo de Klein-Gordon e, neste formalismo, revisamos a derivação de uma desigualdade quântica de energia para os estados de Hadamard em espaços-tempos globalmente hiperbólicos. Apesar das desigualdades quânticas de energia não poderem ser aplicadas diretamente nos Teoremas de Singularidade, mostramos que generalizações dos Teoremas de Hawking e Penrose são provadas considerando condições de energia enfraquecidas inspiradas por elas. Assim sendo, os Teoremas de Singularidade continuam valendo se considerarmos efeitos quânticos sutis. A questão de se efeitos de interação ou efeitos de ``backreaction'' poderiam quebrá-los ainda está em aberto; há razões para se esperar ambas as respostas.
Title in English
Do Singularity Theorems hold if we consider quantum effects?
Keywords in English
Singularity Theorems; General Relativity; Negative energy; Quantum energy inequalities; Algebraic Quantum Field Theory
Abstract in English
There are two quantum loopholes in the Singularity Theorems of General Relativity: violations of the classical energy conditions and quantum fluctuations of the spacetime geometry. In this dissertation, we study the first loophole and approach Singularity Theorems through the energy condition. We review the algebraic approach of Quantum Field Theory for the Klein-Gordon field and, within it, we review the derivation of a quantum energy inequality for Hadamard states on globally hyperbolic spacetimes. However quantum energy inequalities cannot be directly applied to Singularity Theorems, we show that generalized Hawking and Penrose Theorems are proven considering weakened energy conditions inspired by them. Hence, Singularity Theorems do hold under subtle quantum effects. The question of whether interaction or backreaction effects could break them is still open; there are reasons to expect both answers.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-12-03
 
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